Chapter 15: Improvement in Food Resources

Match the column A with the column B

(A) – (B)

(a) Catla – (i) Bottom feeders
(b) Rohu – (ii) Surface feeders
(c) Mrigal – (iii) Middle – zone feeders
(d) Fish farming – (iv) Culture fishery

Soln:

(a) Catla – (ii) Surface feeders

(b) Rohu – (iii) Middle-zone feeders

(c) Mrigal – (i) Bottom feeders

(d) Fish farming – (iv) Culture fishery

19. Fill in the blanks

(a) Pigeon pea is a good source of ———.

(b) Berseem is an important———crop.

(c) The crops which are grown in rainy season are called———crops.

(d) ———are rich in vitamins.

(e) ——— crop grows in winter season.

Soln:

(a) Pigeon pea is a good source of Protein.

(b) Berseem is an important fodder crop.

(c) The crops which are grown in rainy season are called Kharif crops.

(d) Vegetables are rich in vitamins.

(e) Rabi crop grows in winter season.

20. What is a GM crop? Name any one such crop which is grown in India.

Soln:

A GM crop is the one which is developed by introducing the desired gene from a different source into the target crop. Crops are genetically modified to obtain the desired character. Example: BT cotton which has an insect-resistant gene from bacteria is grown in India.

21. List out some useful traits in improved crop?

Soln:

Below are the useful traits in the improved crop.

• High yield of the crop
• Improved crop quality
• Pest and weed resistance
• Wider adaptability
• Expression of desired agronomic characters.

22. Why is organic matter important for crop production?

Soln:

Organic matter is very important for crop production because of the following reasons

• Organic matter provides necessary minerals for the crops
• Organic matter loosens the soil structure to provide necessary aeration for the roots.
• Organic matter improves the water holding capacity of the soil.
• Organic matter helps in drainage and to avoid waterlogging in clayey soil.

23. Why is excess use of fertilizers detrimental for the environment?

Soln:

Excess use of fertilizers is detrimental for the environment because the residue of fertilizers causes pollution in the air, water and soil which proves costly.

24. Give one word for the following

(a) Farming without the use of chemicals as fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides is known as ———.

(b) Growing of wheat and groundnut on the same field is called as ———.

(c) Planting soyabean and maize in alternate rows in the same field is called as ———.

(d) Growing different crops on a piece of land in pre-planned succession is known as———.

(e) Xanthium and Parthenium are commonly known as———.

(f) Causal organism of any disease is called as ———.

Soln:

(a) Farming without the use of chemicals as fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides is known as organic farming.

(b) Growing of wheat and groundnut on the same field is called as mixed cropping.

(c) Planting soybean and maize in alternate rows in the same field is called intercropping.

(d) Growing different crops on a piece of land in pre-planned succession is known as crop rotation.

(e) Xanthium and Parthenium are commonly known as weeds.

(f) The causal organism of any disease is called pathogen.

25. Match the following A and B

(A) – (B)

(a) Cattle used for tilling and carting – (i) Milk producing female

(b) Indian breed of chicken – (ii) Broiler

(c) Sahiwal, Red Sindhi – (iii) Drought animals

(d) Milch – (iv) Local breed of cattle

(e) Chicken better fed for obtaining – (v) Aseel

Soln:

(A) – (B)

(a) Cattle used for tilling and carting – (iii) Drought animals

(b) Indian breed of chicken – (v) Aseel

(c) Sahiwal, Red Sindhi – (iv) Local breed of cattle

(d) Milch – (i) Milk producing female

(e) Chicken better fed for obtaining – (ii) Broiler

26. If there is low rainfall in a village throughout the year, what measures will you suggest to the farmers for better cropping?

Soln:

Farmers are suggested to grow drought-resistant crops which can mature early. Along with this farmers are advised to use manure for their field as it increases the water-holding capacity of the soil.

27. Group the following and tabulate them as energy-yielding, protein yielding, oil yielding and fodder crop. Wheat, rice, berseem, maize, gram, oat, pigeon gram, sudangrass, lentil, soybean, groundnut, castor and mustard.

Soln:

Energy Yielding crop- Wheat rice Maize

Protein Yielding crop- gram, pigeon gram, lentil, soybean

Oil yielding crop- groundnut, castor, mustard, soybean

Fodder crop- berseem, oat, sudangrass

28. Define the term hybridization and photoperiod.

Soln:

Hybridization– Crossing between genetically different organisms to produce desired characteristics in the offspring is known as hybridization.

Duration of the sunlight available for a plant is called as photoperiod. Photoperiod is responsible for the growth of the plant.

29. Fill in the blanks

(a) Photoperiod affect the ————.

(b) Kharif crops are cultivated from ———— to ————.

(c) Rabi crops are cultivated from ———— to ————.

(d) Paddy, maize, green gram and black gram are ———— crops.

(e) Wheat, gram, pea, mustard are ———— crops.

Soln:

(a) Photoperiod affects the Flowering process

(b) Kharif crops are cultivated from June to October.

(c) Rabi crops are cultivated from Novemeber to April.

(d) Paddy, maize, green gram and black gram are Kharif crops.

(e) Wheat, gram, pea, mustard are Rabi crops.

30. Cultivation practices and crop yield are related to environmental condition. Explain.

Soln:

Different crops need different climatic conditions for the growth such as temperature, photoperiod and water. Some of the crops grown in the rainy season which are called Kharif and some grow in winter which is called Rabi crops.

31. Fill in the blanks

(a) A total of——nutrients are essential to plants.

(b) ———and———are supplied by air to plants.

(c) ———is supplied by water to plants.

(d) Soil supply———nutrients to plants.

(e) ———nutrients are required in large quantity and called———.

(f) ——— nutrients are needed in small quantity for plants and are called ———.

Soln:

(a) A total of 16 nutrients are essential to plants.

(b) Carbon dioxide and oxygen are supplied by air to plants.

(c) Hydrogen is supplied by water to plants.

(d) Soil supply 13 nutrients to plants.

(e) 6 nutrients are required in large quantity and called macronutrients.

(f) 7 nutrients are needed in small quantity for plants and are called micronutrients.

32. Differentiate between compost and vermicompost?

Soln:

Compost is formed by using farm waste materials like livestock excreta, vegetable waste, domestic waste, straw, discarded weeds. These all are decomposed and are used as manure for the farms.

Vermicompost is s compost prepared by using organic matter. Here composting is done by using earthworms.

33. Arrange these statements in correct sequence of preparation of green manure.

(a) Green plants are decomposed in soil.

(b) Green plants are cultivated for preparing manure or crop plant parts are used.

(c) Plants are ploughed and mixed into the soil.

(d) After decomposition it becomes green manure.

Soln:

(b) Green plants are cultivated for preparing manure or crop plant parts are used.

(c) Plants are ploughed and mixed into the soil.

(a) Green plants are decomposed in soil.

(d) After decomposition, it becomes green manure.

34. An Italian bee variety A. mellifera has been introduced in India for honey production. Write about its merits over other varieties.

Soln:

Advantages of Italian bee variety A. mellifera over other bee varieties are as follows

• They stings less
• Their honey collection capacity is maximum.
• In stays in a single beehive for a very long period of time
• Its breeding capacity is high.

35. In agricultural practices, higher input gives higher yield. Discuss how?

Soln:

Higher inputs give higher yield refers to the facilities and financial status of a farmer. The good financial status allows farmers to take up new methodologies and technologies to increase the yield. Higher buying capacity decides to crop methods and agricultural practices.