Chapter 6: Squares and Square Roots

i. We know that the unit’s digit of the square of a number having digit as unit’s

place 1 is 1 and also 9 is 1[9²=81 whose unit place is 1].

∴ Unit’s digit of the square root of number 9801 is equal to 1 or 9.

ii. We know that the unit’s digit of the square of a number having digit as unit’s

place 6 is 6 and also 4 is 6 [6²=36 and 4²=16, both the squares have unit digit 6].

∴ Unit’s digit of the square root of number 99856 is equal to 6.

iii. We know that the unit’s digit of the square of a number having digit as unit’s

place 1 is 1 and also 9 is 1[9²=81 whose unit place is 1].

∴ Unit’s digit of the square root of number 998001 is equal to 1 or 9.

iv. We know that the unit’s digit of the square of a number having digit as unit’s

place 5 is 5.

∴ Unit’s digit of the square root of number 657666025 is equal to 5.

We know that natural numbers ending with the digits 0, 2, 3, 7 and 8 are not perfect square.

i. 153⟹ Ends with 3.

∴, 153 is not a perfect square

ii. 257⟹ Ends with 7

∴, 257 is not a perfect square

iii. 408⟹ Ends with 8

∴, 408 is not a perfect square

iv. 441⟹ Ends with 1

∴, 441 is a perfect square.

100

100 – 1 = 99

99 – 3 = 96

96 – 5 = 91

91 – 7 = 84

84 – 9 = 75

75 – 11 = 64

64 – 13 = 51

51 – 15 = 36

36 – 17 = 19

19 – 19 = 0

Here, we have performed subtraction ten times.

∴ √100 = 10

169

169 – 1 = 168

168 – 3 = 165

165 – 5 = 160

160 – 7 = 153

153 – 9 = 144

144 – 11 = 133

133 – 13 = 120

120 – 15 = 105

105 – 17 = 88

88 – 19 = 69

69 – 21 = 48

48 – 23 = 25

25 – 25 = 0

Here, we have performed subtraction thirteen times.

∴ √169 = 13

i.

729 = 3×3×3×3×3×3×1

⇒ 729 = (3×3)×(3×3)×(3×3)

⇒ 729 = (3×3×3)×(3×3×3)

⇒ 729 = (3×3×3)²

⇒ √729 = 3×3×3 = 27

ii.

400 = 2×2×2×2×5×5×1

⇒ 400 = (2×2)×(2×2)×(5×5)

⇒ 400 = (2×2×5)×(2×2×5)

⇒ 400 = (2×2×5)²

⇒ √400 = 2×2×5 = 20

iii.

1764 = 2×2×3×3×7×7

⇒ 1764 = (2×2)×(3×3)×(7×7)

⇒ 1764 = (2×3×7)×(2×3×7)

⇒ 1764 = (2×3×7)²

⇒ √1764 = 2 ×3×7 = 42

iv.

4096 = 2×2×2×2×2×2×2×2×2×2×2×2

⇒ 4096 = (2×2)×(2×2)×(2×2)×(2×2)×(2×2)×(2×2)

⇒ 4096 = (2×2×2×2×2×2)×(2×2×2×2×2×2)

⇒ 4096 = (2×2×2×2×2×2)²

⇒ √4096 = 2×2×2 ×2×2×2 = 64

v.

7744 = 2×2×2×2×2×2×11×11×1

⇒ 7744 = (2×2)×(2×2)×(2×2)×(11×11)

⇒ 7744 = (2×2×2×11)×(2×2×2×11)

⇒ 7744 = (2×2×2×11)²

⇒ √7744 = 2×2×2×11 = 88

vi.

9604 = 62 × 2 × 7 × 7 × 7 × 7

⇒ 9604 = ( 2 × 2 ) × ( 7 × 7 ) × ( 7 × 7 )

⇒ 9604 = ( 2 × 7 ×7 ) × ( 2 × 7 ×7 )

⇒ 9604 = ( 2×7×7 )²

⇒ √9604 = 2×7×7 = 98

vii.

5929 = 7×7×11×11

⇒ 5929 = (7×7)×(11×11)

⇒ 5929 = (7×11)×(7×11)

⇒ 5929 = (7×11)²

⇒ √5929 = 7×11 = 77

viii.

9216 = 2×2×2×2×2×2×2×2×2×2×3×3×1

⇒ 9216 = (2×2)×(2×2) × ( 2 × 2 ) × ( 2 × 2 ) × ( 2 × 2 ) × ( 3 × 3 )

⇒ 9216 = ( 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3) × ( 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3)

⇒ 9216 = 96 × 96

⇒ 9216 = ( 96 )²

⇒ √9216 = 96

ix.

529 = 23×23

529 = (23)²

√529 = 23

x.

8100 = 2×2×3×3×3×3×5×5×1

⇒ 8100 = (2×2) ×(3×3)×(3×3)×(5×5)

⇒ 8100 = (2×3×3×5)×(2×3×3×5)

⇒ 8100 = 90×90

⇒ 8100 = (90)²

⇒ √8100 = 90

i.

252 = 2×2×3×3×7

= (2×2)×(3×3)×7

Here, 7 cannot be paired.

∴ We will multiply 252 by 7 to get perfect square.

New number = 252 × 7 = 1764

1764 = 2×2×3×3×7×7

⇒ 1764 = (2×2)×(3×3)×(7×7)

⇒ 1764 = 2²×3²×7²

⇒ 1764 = (2×3×7)²

⇒ √1764 = 2×3×7 = 42

ii.

180 = 2×2×3×3×5

= (2×2)×(3×3)×5

Here, 5 cannot be paired.

∴ We will multiply 180 by 5 to get perfect square.

New number = 180 × 5 = 900

900 = 2×2×3×3×5×5×1

⇒ 900 = (2×2)×(3×3)×(5×5)

⇒ 900 = 2²×3²×5²

⇒ 900 = (2×3×5)²

⇒ √900 = 2×3×5 = 30

iii.

1008 = 2×2×2×2×3×3×7

= (2×2)×(2×2)×(3×3)×7

Here, 7 cannot be paired.

∴ We will multiply 1008 by 7 to get perfect square.

New number = 1008×7 = 7056

7056 = 2×2×2×2×3×3×7×7

⇒ 7056 = (2×2)×(2×2)×(3×3)×(7×7)

⇒ 7056 = 2²×2²×3²×7²

⇒ 7056 = (2×2×3×7)²

⇒ √7056 = 2×2×3×7 = 84

iv.

2028 = 2×2×3×13×13

= (2×2)×(13×13)×3

Here, 3 cannot be paired.

∴ We will multiply 2028 by 3 to get perfect square. New number = 2028×3 = 6084

6084 = 2×2×3×3×13×13

⇒ 6084 = (2×2)×(3×3)×(13×13)

⇒ 6084 = 2²×3²×13²

⇒ 6084 = (2×3×13)²

⇒ √6084 = 2×3×13 = 78

v.

1458 = 2×3×3×3×3×3×3

= (3×3)×(3×3)×(3×3)×2

Here, 2 cannot be paired.

∴ We will multiply 1458 by 2 to get perfect square. New number = 1458 × 2 = 2916

2916 = 2×2×3×3×3×3×3×3

⇒ 2916 = (3×3)×(3×3)×(3×3)×(2×2)

⇒ 2916 = 3²×3²×3²×2²

⇒ 2916 = (3×3×3×2)²

⇒ √2916 = 3×3×3×2 = 54

vi.

768 = 2×2×2×2×2×2×2×2×3

= (2×2)×(2×2)×(2×2)×(2×2)×3

Here, 3 cannot be paired.

∴ We will multiply 768 by 3 to get perfect square.

New number = 768×3 = 2304

2304 = 2×2×2×2×2×2×2×2×3×3

⇒ 2304 = (2×2)×(2×2)×(2×2)×(2×2)×(3×3)

⇒ 2304 = 2²×2²×2²×2²×3²

⇒ 2304 = (2×2×2×2×3)²

⇒ √2304 = 2×2×2×2×3 = 48

i.

252 = 2×2×3×3×7

= (2×2)×(3×3)×7

Here, 7 cannot be paired.

∴ We will divide 252 by 7 to get perfect square. New number = 252 ÷ 7 = 36

36 = 2×2×3×3

⇒ 36 = (2×2)×(3×3)

⇒ 36 = 2²×3²

⇒ 36 = (2×3)²

⇒ √36 = 2×3 = 6

ii.

2925 = 3×3×5×5×13

= (3×3)×(5×5)×13

Here, 13 cannot be paired.

∴ We will divide 2925 by 13 to get perfect square. New number = 2925 ÷ 13 = 225

225 = 3×3×5×5

⇒ 225 = (3×3)×(5×5)

⇒ 225 = 3²×5²

⇒ 225 = (3×5)²

⇒ √36 = 3×5 = 15

iii.

396 = 2×2×3×3×11

= (2×2)×(3×3)×11

Here, 11 cannot be paired.

∴ We will divide 396 by 11 to get perfect square. New number = 396 ÷ 11 = 36

36 = 2×2×3×3

⇒ 36 = (2×2)×(3×3)

⇒ 36 = 2²×3²

⇒ 36 = (2×3)²

⇒ √36 = 2×3 = 6

iv.

2645 = 5×23×23

⇒ 2645 = (23×23)×5

Here, 5 cannot be paired.

∴ We will divide 2645 by 5 to get perfect square.

New number = 2645 ÷ 5 = 529

529 = 23×23

⇒ 529 = (23)²

⇒ √529 = 23

v.

2800 = 2×2×2×2×5×5×7

= (2×2)×(2×2)×(5×5)×7

Here, 7 cannot be paired.

∴ We will divide 2800 by 7 to get perfect square. New number = 2800 ÷ 7 = 400

400 = 2×2×2×2×5×5

⇒ 400 = (2×2)×(2×2)×(5×5)

⇒ 400 = (2×2×5)²

⇒ √400 = 20

vi.

1620 = 2×2×3×3×3×3×5

= (2×2)×(3×3)×(3×3)×5

Here, 5 cannot be paired.

∴ We will divide 1620 by 5 to get perfect square. New number = 1620 ÷ 5 = 324

324 = 2×2×3×3×3×3

⇒ 324 = (2×2)×(3×3)×(3×3)

⇒ 324 = (2×3×3)²

⇒ √324 = 18

Let the number of students in the school be, x.

∴ Each student donate Rs.x .

Total amount contributed by all the students= x×x=x² Given, x² = Rs.2401

x² = 7×7×7×7

⇒ x² = (7×7)×(7×7)

⇒ x² = 49×49

⇒ x = √(49×49)

⇒ x = 49

∴ The number of students = 49

Let the number of rows be, x.

∴ the number of plants in each rows = x.

Total plants to be planted in the garden = x × x =x²

Given,

x₂ = Rs.2025

x² = 3×3×3×3×5×5

⇒ x² = (3×3)×(3×3)×(5×5)

⇒ x2 = (3×3×5)×(3×3×5)

⇒ x2 = 45×45

⇒ x = √45×45

⇒ x = 45

∴ The number of rows = 45 and the number of plants in each rows = 45.

L.C.M of 4, 9 and 10 is (2×2×9×5) 180.

180 = 2×2×9×5

= (2×2)×3×3×5

= (2×2)×(3×3)×5

Here, 5 cannot be paired.

∴ we will multiply 180 by 5 to get perfect square.

Hence, the smallest square number divisible by 4, 9 and 10 = 180×5 = 900

L.C.M of 8, 15 and 20 is (2×2×5×2×3) 120.

120 = 2×2×3×5×2

= (2×2)×3×5×2

Here, 3, 5 and 2 cannot be paired.

∴ We will multiply 120 by (3×5×2) 30 to get perfect square.

Hence, the smallest square number divisible by 8, 15 and 20 =120×30 = 3600