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Practice each question, then open the answer or worked solution.
Amina thinks of a number and subtracts 5/2 from it. She multiplies the result by 8. The result now obtained is 3 times the same number she thought of. What is the number?
Let the number be x,
According to the question,
(x – 5/2) × 8 = 3x
⇒ 8x – 40/2 = 3x
⇒ 8x – 3x = 40/2
⇒ 5x = 20
⇒ x = 4
Thus, the number is 4.
A positive number is 5 times another number. If 21 is added to both numbers, then one of the new numbers becomes twice the other new number. What are the numbers?
Let one of the positive numbers be x, then the other number will be 5x. According to the question,
5x + 21 = 2(x + 21)
⇒ 5x + 21 = 2x + 42
⇒ 5x – 2x = 42 – 21
⇒ 3x = 21
⇒ x = 7
One number = x = 7
Other number = 5x = 5×7 = 35. The two numbers are 7 and 35.
Sum of the digits of a two-digit number is 9. When we interchange the digits, it is found that the resulting new number is greater than the original number by 27. What is the two-digit number?
Let the digit at tens place be x, then the digit at ones place will be (9-x).
Original two-digit number = 10x + (9-x)
After interchanging the digits, the new number = 10(9-x) + x
According to the question,
10x + (9-x) + 27 = 10(9-x) + x
⇒ 10x + 9 – x + 27 = 90 – 10x + x
⇒ 9x + 36 = 90 – 9x
⇒ 9x + 9x = 90 – 36
⇒ 18x = 54
⇒ x = 3
Original number = 10x + (9-x) = (10×3) + (9-3) = 30 + 6 = 36
Thus, the number is 36.
One of the two digits of a two-digit number is three times the other digit. If you interchange the digits of this two-digit number and add the resulting number to the original number, you get 88. What is the original number?
Let the digit at tens place be x, then the digit at ones place will be 3x.
Original two-digit number = 10x + 3x
After interchanging the digits, the new number = 30x + x
According to the question,
(30x + x) + (10x + 3x) = 88
⇒ 31x + 13x = 88
⇒ 44x = 88
⇒ x = 2
Original number = 10x + 3x = 13x = 13×2 = 26
Shobo’s mother’s present age is six times Shobo’s present age. Shobo’s age five years from now will be one-third of his mother’s present age. What are their present ages?
Let the present age of Shobo be x, then the age of her mother will be 6x.
Shobo’s age after 5 years = x + 5
According to the question,
(x + 5) = (1/3) × 6x
⇒ x + 5 = 2x
⇒ 2x – x = 5
⇒ x = 5
Present age of Shobo = x = 5 years
The present age of Shobo’s mother = 6x = 30 years.
There is a narrow rectangular plot reserved for a school in Mahuli village. The length and breadth of the plot are in the ratio 11:4. At the rate ₹100 per metre, it will cost the village panchayat ₹75000 to fence the plot. What are the dimensions of the plot?
Let the length of the rectangular plot be 11x and the breadth be 4x.
Rate of fencing per metre = ₹100
Total cost of fencing = ₹75000
Perimeter of the plot = 2(l+b) = 2(11x + 4x) = 2×15x = 30x
Total amount of fencing = (30x × 100)
According to the question,
(30x × 100) = 75000
⇒ 3000x = 75000
⇒ x = 75000/3000
⇒ x = 25
Length of the plot = 11x = 11 × 25 = 275m
Breadth of the plot = 4 × 25 = 100m.
Hasan buys two kinds of cloth materials for school uniforms; shirt material that costs him ₹50 per metre and trouser material that costs him ₹90 per metre. For every 3 meters of the shirt material, he buys 2 metres of the trouser material. He sells the materials at 12% and 10% profit, respectively. His total sale is ₹36,600. How much trouser material did he buy?
Let 2x m of trouser material and 3x m of shirt material be bought by him
Selling price of shirt material per meter = ₹ 50 + 50 ×(12/100) = ₹ 56
Selling price of trouser material per meter = ₹ 90 + 90 × (10/100) = ₹ 99
Total amount of sale = ₹36,600
According to the question,
(2x × 99) + (3x × 56) = 36600
⇒ 198x + 168x = 36600
⇒ 366x = 36600
⇒ x = 36600/366
⇒ x = 100
Total trouser material he bought = 2x = 2 × 100 = 200 m.
Half of a herd of deer is grazing in the field, and three-fourths of the remaining are playing nearby. The rest 9 are drinking water from the pond. Find the number of deer in the herd.
Let the total number of deer be x.
Deer grazing in the field = x/2
Deer playing nearby = x/2 × ¾ = 3x/8
Deer drinking water = 9
According to the question,
x/2 + 3x/8 + 9 = x
(4x + 3x)/8 + 9 = x
⇒ 7x/8 + 9 = x
⇒ x – 7x/8 = 9
⇒ (8x – 7x)/8 = 9
⇒ x = 9 × 8
⇒ x = 72
A grandfather is ten times older than his granddaughter. He is also 54 years older than her. Find their present ages.
Let the age of granddaughter be x and grandfather be 10x.
Also, he is 54 years older than her.
According to the question, 10x = x + 54
⇒ 10x – x = 54
⇒ 9x = 54
⇒ x = 6
Age of grandfather = 10x = 10×6 = 60 years.
Age of granddaughter = x = 6 years.
Aman’s age is three times his son’s age. Ten years ago, he was five times his son’s age. Find their present ages.
Let the age of Aman’s son be x, then the age of Aman will be 3x.
According to the question,
5(x – 10) = 3x – 10
⇒ 5x – 50 = 3x – 10
⇒ 5x – 3x = -10 + 50
⇒ 2x = 40
⇒ x = 20
Aman’s son age = x = 20 years
Aman age = 3x = 3×20 = 60 years