Chapter 9: Biomolecules

Q1Written answer

Medicines are either man-made (i.e., synthetic) or obtained from living

organisms like plants, bacteria, animals etc. and hence the latter are

called natural products. Sometimes natural products are chemically

altered by man to reduce toxicity or side effects. Write against each of

the following whether they were initially obtained as a natural product

or as a synthetic chemical.

a. Penicillin ___________________________

b. Sulfonamide ___________________________

c. Vitamin C ___________________________

d. Growth Hormone ___________________________

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Worked solution

A. Penicillin- Natural product (obtained from fungus P. notatum)

B. sulphonamide- Synthetic product

C. Vitamin C- Natural product

D. Growth Hormone- Natural product

Q2Written answer

Select an appropriate chemical bond among ester bond, glycosidic bond, peptide bond and hydrogen bond and write against each of the following.

a. Polysaccharide ___________________________

b. Protein ___________________________

c. Fat ___________________________

d. Water ___________________________

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Worked solution

a. Polysaccharides – Glycosidic bond, formed by elimination of water molecule.

b. Protein- peptide bond, it is the -CO-NH- BOND formed by elimination of water molecules.

c. Fats- ester bond, derived from an acid (organic or inorganic) in which at least one –OH (hydroxyl) group is replaced by an –O–alkyl (alkoxy) group

d. Water- H-bond, formed between the hydrogen of one water molecule and oxygen of the other water molecule.

Q3Written answer

Write the name of anyone amino acid, sugar, nucleotide and fatty acid.

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Worked solution

Amino acid- Glycine

Sugar- Glucose

Nucleotide- Adenosine

Fatty acid- Oleic acid

Q4Written answer

The reaction given below is catalysed by oxidoreductase between two substrates A and A’, complete the reaction. A reduced + A’ oxidized

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Worked solution

A[reduced] + A’[Oxidized] → A[oxidized] + A’[reduced]

Q5Written answer

How are prosthetic groups different from co-factors?

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Worked solution

Cofactors are the no proteinous, may be organic or inorganic constituent of the enzyme. The prosthetic group belongs to organic cofactors, remains tightly bound with apoenzymes.

Q6Written answer

Glycine and Alanine are different with respect to one substituent on the α -carbon. What are the other common substituent groups?

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Worked solution

-COOH, -NH2, and –H are the common substituents.

Q7Written answer

Starch, Cellulose, Glycogen, Chitin are polysaccharides found among the following. Choose the one appropriate and write against each.

Cotton fibre __________________________

Exoskeleton of cockroach __________________________

Liver __________________________

Peeled potato __________________________

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Worked solution

Cotton fibre- cellulose [more than 90%].

The exoskeleton of cockroach- chitin

Liver- glycogen

Peeled potato- starch

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