Chapter 5: Morphology of Flowering Plants

The maize grain is usually called fruit because it is a ripened ovary which contains a ripened ovule.

The tendrils of grapevines are homologous to the tendril of pumpkins as both originated from the same part of the plant i.e. stem but have different functions. In grapevines, the function of tendrils is to climb, while in pumpkins is creeping.

Ginger is a stem, not a root, because it possesses nodes and internodes which are not possessed by the roots.

a. A bract is present at the base of the pedicle, whereas bracteolate is present between bract and flower.

b. Pulvinus is swollen leaf base present in leguminous plants, whereas petiole is a subcylindrical stalk which connects the leaf base with the lamina.

c. The pedicle is a stalk of flower and peduncle is a stalk of whole inflorescence

d. Spike is that the flowers are sessile that develop on an elongated peduncle in acropetal succession, whereas spadix is covered by one of the few large bracts called spates

e. Stamen represents a male reproductive organ, whereas sterile stamen is called stamina.

f. Pollen is a male gametophyte of angiosperms, whereas polonium is the group of pollen grains.