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Practice each question, then open the answer or worked solution.
ATP produced during glycolysis is a result of substrate-level phosphorylation. Explain.
These are formed without the electron transport system and chemiosmosis during the glycolysis. The ATP is directly formed from ADP and Inorganic phosphatase.
Do you know any step in the TCA cycle where there is substrate-level phosphorylation? Which one?
In the TCA cycle where there is substrate-level phosphorylation the step in which succinyl Co-A is converted to the succinic acid and there is one GTP molecule synthesized through the substrate-level phosphorylation.
A process is occurring throughout the day, in ‘X’ organism. Cells are participating in this process. During this process ATP, CO2 and water are evolved. It is not a light-dependent process.
a. Name the process.
b. Is it a catabolic or an anabolic process?
c. What could be the raw material of this process?
a. The name of the process is cellular respiration.
b. It is a catabolic process because it involves the breakdown of the glucose molecule.
c. Raw materials involved in the cellular respiration process are Glucose molecule and oxygen.
When a substrate is being metabolized, why does not all the energy that released in one step? It is released in multiple steps. What is the advantage of step-wise release?
The advantage of the stepwise release of energy is that each step helps in regulation of the energy. And energy is only released when formed or when required. Energy wastage as heat is avoided and energy is stored
Respiration requires O2. How did the first cells on the earth manage to survive in an atmosphere that lacked O2?
The first cells on the earth managed to survive in an atmosphere that lacked O2 because they were anaerobes. They survived by breaking down the organic compounds like H2S. they don’t need oxygen for respiration
It is known that red muscle fibres in animals can work for longer periods continuously. How is this possible?
Red muscle fibres in animals can work for more extended periods continuously as it contains an oxygen-transporting pigment called myoglobin. It is stored as oxymyoglobin as it is bounded to the molecule of oxygen.
The energy yield in terms of ATP is higher in aerobic respiration than during anaerobic respiration. Explain.
Aerobic respiration produces 38 ATP molecules from a single glucose molecule while Anaerobic respiration produces only 2 ATP molecules from a single glucose molecule. That is why ATP is higher in aerobic respiration than during anaerobic respiration.
RuBP carboxylase, PEP carboxylase, Pyruvate dehydrogenase, ATPase, cytochrome oxidase, Hexokinase, Lactate dehydrogenase. Select/choose enzymes from the list above which are involved in
a. Photosynthesis
b. Respiration
c. Both in photosynthesis and respiration
a. Enzymes used in photosynthesis are:
– RuBP
– PEP carboxylase
– ATPase
b. Enzymes used in respiration are:
– Hexokinase
– ATPase
– Pyruvate dehydrogenase
Cytochrome oxidase
c. The enzyme used in both photosynthesis and respiration are:
– ATPase
How does a tree trunk exchange gas with the environment although it lacks stomata?
A tree trunk exchanges gas with the environment although it lacks the stomata because it has lenticels through which oxygen and other gas exchange occurs.
Write any two energy-yielding reactions of glycolysis
Two energy-yielding reactions of glycolysis:
Conversion of 1,3 – bisphosphoglyceric acid (1,3 – BPGA) to 3 – phosphoglyceric acid (3 – PGA).
Conversion of 3- phosphoenolpyruvate (3 – PEP) to pyruvic acid.