Chapter 14: Respiration in Plants

The energy which gets released during the oxidation of compounds in respiration is stored as Adenosine Triphosphate i.e., ATP. The ATP is stored in the form of chemical bonds.

ADP + IP + energy → ATP (ADP = Adenosine Diphosphate and IP = Inorganic phosphorous)

When energy is required then, this bond energy is broken and utilised

ATP → ADP + IP + energy.

The energy currency is the energy which is stored and released in living organisms. Adenosine Triphosphate ATP acts as energy currency in plants and animals.

Respiratory Quotient (RQ) indicate which type of substrate, i.e., carbohydrate, fat or protein is getting oxidized by measuring the volume of carbon dioxide, i.e., CO₂ released or evolved by the volume of oxygen O₂ consumed.

A= Volume of CO₂ released

B =Volume of Oxygen consumed

RQ equal to 1 = carbohydrate like glucose.

RQ higher than 1 = substrate can be organic acid like malic acid.

It has the site for the synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.

Anaerobic respiration occurs in man when there is intensive exercise or stress on a muscle which leads to inadequate oxygen in the cells. In yeast, it occurs when there is incomplete oxidation of glucose.

1 gm of glucose < 0.5 g of protein + 0.5g glucose < 1 gm of protein < 1 gm of fat.

This will be the ascending order based on their oxidation energy.

The product of glycolysis (under hypoxia) in skeletal muscle Is lactic acid while anaerobic fermentation in yeast is ethanol and carbon dioxide i.e., C₂H₅OH and CO₂.