Find the distance between the following pairs of points:
(i) \[\left( \text{2,3} \right)\text{,}\left( \text{4,1} \right)\]
(ii) \[\left( -\mathbf{5},\mathbf{7} \right),\text{ }\left( -\mathbf{1},\mathbf{3} \right)\]
(iii) \[\left( \mathbf{a},\mathbf{b} \right),\left( -\mathbf{a},-\mathbf{b} \right)\]
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Ans: The given points are \[\text{A}\left( \text{2, 3} \right)\] and \[\text{B}\left( \text{4, 1} \right)\]
Using the Distance Formula = \[\sqrt{{{\text{(}{{\text{x}}_{\text{1}}}\text{-}{{\text{x}}_{\text{2}}}\text{)}}^{\text{2}}}\text{+(}{{\text{y}}_{\text{1}}}\text{-}{{\text{y}}_{\text{2}}}{{\text{)}}^{\text{2}}}}\]
By comparing the points with the formula we get, \[{{\text{x}}_{\text{1}}}\text{=2}\], \[{{\text{y}}_{\text{1}}}\text{=3}\], \[{{\text{x}}_{\text{2}}}\text{=4}\], \[{{\text{y}}_{\text{2}}}\text{=1}\]
Distance between \[\text{A}\left( \text{2,3} \right)\] and \[\text{B}\left( \text{4,1} \right)\] is given by,
AB = \[\sqrt{{{\text{(2-4)}}^{\text{2}}}\text{+(3-1}{{\text{)}}^{\text{2}}}}\]
= \[\sqrt{{{\text{(-2)}}^{\text{2}}}\text{+(2}{{\text{)}}^{\text{2}}}}\]
= \[\sqrt{\text{4+4}}\]
= \[\sqrt{\text{8}}\]
= \[\text{2}\sqrt{\text{2}}\]
Ans: The given points are \[\text{C}\left( \text{-5, 7} \right)\] and \[\text{D}\left( \text{-1, 3} \right)\]
Using the Distance Formula = \[\sqrt{{{\text{(}{{\text{x}}_{\text{1}}}\text{-}{{\text{x}}_{\text{2}}}\text{)}}^{\text{2}}}\text{+(}{{\text{y}}_{\text{1}}}\text{-}{{\text{y}}_{\text{2}}}{{\text{)}}^{\text{2}}}}\]
By comparing the points with the formula we get, \[{{\text{x}}_{\text{1}}}\text{= -5}\], \[{{\text{y}}_{\text{1}}}\text{= 7}\], \[{{\text{x}}_{\text{2}}}\text{= -1}\], \[{{\text{y}}_{\text{2}}}\text{= 3}\]
Distance between \[C\left( \text{-5,7} \right)\]and\[D\left( \text{-1,3} \right)\] is given by,
CD = \[\sqrt{{{\text{(-5-(-1))}}^{\text{2}}}\text{+(7-3}{{\text{)}}^{\text{2}}}}\]
= \[\sqrt{{{\text{(-4)}}^{\text{2}}}\text{+(4}{{\text{)}}^{\text{2}}}}\]
= \[\sqrt{\text{16+16}}\]
= \[\sqrt{\text{32}}\]
= \[\text{4}\sqrt{\text{2}}\]
Ans: The given points are \[\text{X}\left( \text{a, b} \right)\] and \[\text{Y}\left( \text{-a, -b} \right)\]
Using the Distance Formula = \[\sqrt{{{\text{(}{{\text{x}}_{\text{1}}}\text{-}{{\text{x}}_{\text{2}}}\text{)}}^{\text{2}}}\text{+(}{{\text{y}}_{\text{1}}}\text{-}{{\text{y}}_{\text{2}}}{{\text{)}}^{\text{2}}}}\]
By comparing the points with the formula we get, \[{{\text{x}}_{\text{1}}}\text{= a}\], \[{{\text{y}}_{\text{1}}}\text{= b}\], \[{{\text{x}}_{\text{2}}}\text{= -a}\],\[{{\text{y}}_{\text{2}}}\text{= -b}\]
Distance between \[\text{X}\left( \text{a, b} \right)\] and \[\text{Y}\left( \text{-a, -b} \right)\] is given by,
XY = \[\sqrt{{{\text{(a-(-a))}}^{\text{2}}}\text{+(b-(-b)}{{\text{)}}^{\text{2}}}}\]
= \[\sqrt{{{\text{(2a)}}^{\text{2}}}\text{+(2b}{{\text{)}}^{\text{2}}}}\]
= \[\sqrt{\text{4}{{\text{a}}^{\text{2}}}\text{+4}{{\text{b}}^{\text{2}}}}\]
= \[\text{2}\sqrt{{{\text{a}}^{\text{2}}}\text{+}{{\text{b}}^{\text{2}}}}\]