Maharashtra State Exams - Previous Year Papers Previous Year Questions

Direction: Read the following passage and answer the questions:Non-probability sampling is that sampling procedure which does not afford any basis for estimating the probability that each item in the population has of being included in the sample. Non-probability sampling is also known by different name such as deliberate sampling, purposive sampling and judgment sampling. In this type of sampling. Items for the sample are selected deliberately by the researcher; his choice concerning the items remains supreme. In words, under non-probability sampling, the organizers of the inquiry purposively choose the particular units of the universe for constituting a sample on the basis that the small mass that they so select out of a huge one will be typical or representative of the whole. For instance, if economic conditions of the people living in a state are to be studied, a few towns and villages may be purposively selected for intensive study on the principle that they can by representative of the entire state. Thus, the judgment of the organizers of the study plays an important part in this sampling design.In such a design, personal element has a great change of entering into the selection of the sample. The investigator may select a sample which shall yield results favourable to his point of view and if that happens, the entire inquiry may get vitiated. Thus, there is always the danger of bias entering into this type of sampling technique. But if the investigators are impartial, work without bias and have the necessary experience so as to take sound judgment, the results obtained from an analysis of deliberately selected sample may be tolerably reliable. However, in such a sampling, there is no assurance that every element has some specifiable chance of being included. Sampling error in this type of sampling cannot be estimated and the element of bias, great or small, is always there. As such this sampling design gets rarely adopted in large inquiries of importance. However, in small inquiries and researches by individuals, this design may be adopted because of the relative advantage of time and money inherent in this method of sampling. Quota sampling is also an example of non-probability sampling. Under quota sampling the interviewers are simply given quota to be filled from the different strata, with some restrictions on how they are to be filled. In other words, the actual selection of the items for the sample is left to the interviewer’s discretion. This type of sampling is very convenient and is relatively inexpensive. But the samples so selected certainly do not possess the characteristic of random sample. Quota samples are essentially judgment samples and inferences drawn on their basis are not amenable to statistical treatment in a formal way.
Results obtained from an analysis of a deliberately selected sample may be reliable if:(a) Investigators are unbiased.(b) Investigators are experienced.(c) Investigators select a favourable sample.(d) Investigators use statistical methods.

In 1889, who called a meeting of barbers in Bombay and discouraged them from tonsuring women?

1889 मध्ये मुंबई येथे न्हाव्यांची सभा बोलावून त्यांना स्त्रियांच्या केशवपनापासून कोणी परावृत्त केले होते?

__________ यांनी नाशिक येथे 'ग्रंथोत्तेजक मंडळी' नावाची संस्था स्थापन केली होती.

पंचायत राज व्यवस्था बळकटीकरणास उपयुक्त बाबी :
(a) 73वी घटना दुरुस्ती
(b) स्त्रिया व मागासवर्गियांना 33% आरक्षण
(c) राज्य वित्त आयोगाकडून आर्थिक विकास योजनांना निधी उपलब्ध
पर्यायी उत्तरे :

खालील विधाने भारतातील आर्थिक सुधारणांच्या पार्श्वभूमीशी संबंधित आहेत.
(a) आर्थिक सुधारणांचा मुख्य जोर हा बाजारपेठेला मध्यवर्ती निर्णयकर्ता बनवणे असा होता.
(b) आर्थिक सुधारणांच्या अंतर्गत, अर्थव्यवस्थेची पुनर्रचना ही केंद्रीकृत नियोजनाने केली गेली.
(c) देशाची अर्थव्यवस्था ही जागतिक अर्थव्यवस्थेशी जोडण्यासाठी रुपया हा पूर्णपणे परिवर्तनीय केला गेला.
(d) भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्थेत सुधारणा घडवण्याचे प्रयत्न 1980 च्या मध्यापासून सुरू झाले.
वरीलपैकी कोणती विधाने खरी नाहीत?