Chapter 16: Garbage in, Garbage out

Q7Written answer

Read the items mentioned in Columns I and II and fill in the related process in the Column III

Column I	Column II	Column II
a) Organic waste	Earthworms	(i) ---------
b) Garbage	Dig pit and fill with garbage	(ii) ---------
c) Old newspaper	Paper bags	(iii) ---------

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Ans: The related process in column III is given below:

Column I	Column II	Column II
a) Organic waste	Earthworms	(i) Vermicomposting
b) Garbage	Dig pit and fill with garbage	(ii) Landfill
c) Old newspaper	Paper bags	(iii) Recycling

Q8Written answer

Correct the definitions of certain terms given below by changing only one word.

(i) Compost: Substances converted into manure for use in industries.

(ii) Landfill: Garbage buried under water in an area.

(iii) Recycling: Reuse of unused material in the same or another form.

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Ans: Compost: The substances converted into manure for use in agricultural fields.

Ans: Landfill: Garbage buried under the soil in an area.

Ans: Recycling: The reuse of used material in the same or another form.

Q9Written answer

Provide the suitable term that expresses the meaning of each of the following statements.

(a) Greeting cards made from newspapers.

(b) Contents of the waste bins.

(c) Worms convert certain kinds of waste into manure.

(d) An area where a lot of garbage is collected, spread out and covered with soil.

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Ans: Greeting cards made from newspapers is known as recycling.

Ans: The contents of the waste bins are known as Garbage.

Ans: Worms converting certain types of waste into manure is known as vermicomposting.

Ans: An area where a lot of garbage is collected, covered with soil and spread out is known as landfill.

Q10Written answer

To what use can you put the following kinds of garbage and how?

(i) Rotting smelly garbage

(ii) Dry leaves collected in a garbage

(iii) Old newspapers

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Ans: Rotting smelly garbage is biodegradable. Thus, it can be converted into compost, which could be used as manure in potted plants or home gardens.

Ans: Dry leaves collected in the garbage can also be used as compost or vermicompost.

Ans: The old newspapers can be used for making paper bags, covering books, converted into pulp for use in handicrafts and also for making recycled paper.

Q11Written answer

Paheli was writing a letter to her friend. She crumpled and threw the first draft of her letter on the floor as it had become untidy. Similarly she crumpled and threw 6 more papers on the ground. In the end, she picked them up and put them in a polythene bag and threw them on the road outside her house. Do you think Paheli’s actions were responsible? What would you have done if you were in her place?

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Ans: No, Paheli's actions were hardly those of a responsible citizen. She threw out a lot of papers and then threw them in a polythene bag on the road, causing pollution. If I had been in her house, I would have practiced on rough paper or kept the destroyed paper for later use, such as decorating.

Q12Written answer

Read the poem written below and then answer the questions from the information gathered from the book or elsewhere.

(i) Name the two kinds of waste that need to be separated from each other in two different waste bins.

(ii) Name two items of waste each that need to be sent to a (a) landfill, (b) for composting.

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Ans: Biodegradable waste and non-biodegradable waste are the two types of waste. With the help of microbes, biodegradable waste is easily converted into simpler forms and used as manure. Non-biodegradable trash, on the other hand, cannot be transformed into simpler forms but can be recycled. Hence, they must be kept separate.

Ans: (a) Waste like metals, plastic items, glasses, etc., are sent to landfills.

(b) Wastes like vegetable peels, fruits, plant wastes, dried leaves are for composting.

Q13Written answer

Beera, a farmer, would clear his field every day, and burn dry leaves fallen on the ground. After sometime he found that those living in huts near his field were suffering from cough and breathing problems.

(i) Can you explain why?

(ii) Also suggest an environment-friendly way to dispose of the dry leaves.

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Ans: Burning of leaves releases harmful and toxic gases and creates a lot of fumes that cause diseases in humans and animals. That is why the people living nearby suffer from cough and breathing problems.

Ans: He can compost the dry leaves and use them as manure at his potted plants instead of burning them.

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