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Practice each question, then open the answer or worked solution.
While eating peach or pear, it is usually seen that some stone-like structures
get entangled in the teeth, what are these stone-like structures called?
The stone-like structures present in peach or pear is stone cells also known as Sclerieds. They are a type of Sclerenchyma which provides mechanical support to organs.
What is the commercial source of cork? How is it formed in the plant?
The commercial source of cork is cork tissue of Quercus suber. Due to the activity of vascular cambium, the stem continues to increase in girth. Therefore the outer cortical and epidermis layer gets broken to provide new protection it has to be replaced.
Below is a list of plant fibres. From which part of the plant these are obtained
a. Coir b. Hemp c. Cotton d. Jute
a. Coir is a natural fibre obtained from coconut husk.
b. Hemp fibre is obtained from the stem of Cannabis Sativa.
c. Cotton fibre is obtained from epidermal growth of cotton seeds.
d. Jute is natural bast fibre obtained from the stem of Corchorus capsularis.
What are the characteristic differences found in the vascular tissue of gymnosperms and angiosperms?
In vascular tissues of gymnosperms, vessels are absent in Xylem instead, they have tracheids. Companion cells are absent in phloem instead, they have albuminous cells. In vascular tissue of angiosperms, vessels are present in xylem and lack tracheids. Companion cells are present in phloem, and they lack albuminous cells.
Epidermal cells are often modified to perform specialized functions in plants. Name some of them and the function they perform.
i. Root Hair: It increases the surface area for absorption of water and minerals from the soils
ii. Trichomes: They are also known as stem hairs. They help in water loss prevention during transpiration.
ii. Bulliform cells: Bulliform cells are present in grasses. They help in closing the stomata under stressful conditions and this prevents water loss.
The lawn grass (Cynodondactylon) needs to be mowed frequently to prevent its overgrowth. Which tissue is responsible for its rapid growth?
Meristematic tissue is responsible for the rapid growth of lawn grass.
Plants require water for their survival. But when watered excessively, plants die. Discuss.
Anything that goes excessive will create a harmful cause. When excess water is poured into plants, the water removes the air trapped between the soil particles. They won’t get enough oxygen for respiration
A transverse section of the trunk of a tree shows concentric rings, which are known as growth rings. How are these rings formed? What is the significance of these rings?
The growth rings in the trunk of the tree are formed by cambial ring due to secondary growth. Each ring contains earlywood and latewood. Secondary growth occurs in dicot trees due to the activity of cambium, which is a meristematic tissue. The concentric growth rings are called annual rings.
Trunks of some of the aged tree species appear to be composed of several fused trunks. Is it a physiological or anatomical abnormality? Explain in detail.
Trunks of some of the aged tree species appear to be composed of several fused trunks. This is an anatomical abnormality. It is an abnormal type of secondary growth, where a regular vascular cambium or cork cambium is not formed in its normal position.
What is the difference between lenticels and stomata?
Lenticels are lens-shaped openings present on the trunk or stem of the tree.
Stomata are bean-shaped opening present on the lower surface of leaves.