Chapter 3: Plant Kingdom

Due to the alteration in the gametophytic and sporophytic life, Bryophyte shows haplodiplonic life cycle. The major part is dominated by the haploid gametophytic phase. They are independent, photosynthetic and haploid phase. Inside gametophyte, the antheridium and archegonia are formed. Later fertilization will occur, and zygote will be formed. Zygotes develop into sporophytes which is small & is dependent on the gametophyte for water and food.

Alternation of generation takes place between gametophyte & sporophyte. i.e. the haploid & diploid phase hence called the haplodiplontic life cycle.

b) Both will die

In the symbiotic relationship between algae & fungi, both are dependent on each other for their basic needs essential for survival. The algal part synthesises food for fungi & fungi take up water & minerals for algae. If separated, both will die.

The 2 male nuclei enter the embryo sac, one of the male gametes fuses with the egg to form a diploid zygote & the other male gamete fuses with a diploid secondary nucleus to form triploid primary endosperm nucleus (PEN). Therefore the two fusion is called double fertilization.

A

B

C

The plant kingdom consists of all the different types of plants and trees. It consists of several subgroups of plants and trees that we can encounter in our everyday life. All the living organisms in the plant kingdom are multicellular and eukaryotic. Food in plants gets synthesised due to the presence of chloroplasts, and plants are autotrophic in nature.