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Practice each question, then open the answer or worked solution.
State the different modes of CO2 transport in blood.
1. In red blood cells, carbon dioxide combines with water and forms carbonic acid. It is an unstable form and gets disassociated into hydrogen and bicarbonate ion.
2. Carbon dioxide is also transported through plasma in the form of bicarbonate ions.
Compared to O2, diffusion rate of CO2 through the diffusion membrane per unit difference in partial pressure is much higher. Explain.
As the solubility of carbon dioxide is much higher than oxygen its diffusion rate through the diffusion membrane per unit difference in partial pressure is much higher.
For completion of respiration process, write the given steps in sequential manner
a. Diffusion of gases (O2 and CO2) across alveolar membrane.
b. Transport of gases by blood.
c. Utilisation of O2 by the cells for catabolic reactions and resultant release of CO2.
d. Pulmonary ventilation by which atmospheric air is drawn in and CO2 rich alveolar air is released out.
e. Diffusion of O2 and CO2 between blood and tissues.
The correct sequence would be:
1. Pulmonary ventilation by which atmospheric air is drawn in and CO2 rich alveolar air is released out.
2. Diffusion of gases (O2 and CO2) across alveolar membrane.
3. Transport of gases by blood.
4. Diffusion of O2 and CO2 between blood and tissues.
5. Utilisation of O2 by the cells for catabolic reactions and resultant release of CO2.
Differentiate between
a. Inspiratory and expiratory reserve volume
b. Vital capacity and total lung capacity
c. Emphysema and occupational respiratory disorder
a. Inspiratory reserve volume is the maximum volume of air that can be inhaled after normal inspiration, whereas expiratory volume is the maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after normal exhalation.
b. Vital capacity is the maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after normal inspiration, whereas total lung capacity is the volume of air in the lungs after maximum inspiration.
c. Emphysema is a disorder in which the alveolar walls are damaged, whereas occupational respiratory disorder is caused due to the proliferation of the fibrous connective tissue of the upper lungs.