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Practice each question, then open the answer or worked solution.
If a person is feeling dizzy, glucose or fruit juice is given immediately, but not a cheese sandwich Explain.
Glucose or fruit juice is a simpler food product which is easily absorbed and assimilated by the body and it is easily oxidized to form energy
What is meant by the statement “aerobic respiration is more efficient.”?
Aerobic respiration produces more energy as compared to anaerobic respiration. It is a high energy-yielding process. Also, it produces less energy when compared to anaerobic respiration.
Pyruvic acid is the end product of glycolysis. What are the three metabolic products of pyruvic acid produced under aerobic and anaerobic conditions? Write their name in the space provided in the diagram.
i) CO2 + H2O
ii) Lactic acid
iii) C2H5OH + CO2
The energy yield in terms of ATP is higher in aerobic respiration than anaerobic respiration. Why anaerobic respiration occurs even in organisms that live in aerobic condition like human beings and angiosperms?
Anaerobic respiration occurs in organisms that live in aerobic condition like human beings when there is intensive exercise or stress on a muscle. In angiosperms, the germination of seeds leads to anaerobic respiration for releasing the energy for the seedling to emerge from the soil.
Oxygen is an essential requirement for aerobic respiration but it enters the respiratory process at the end? Discuss.
Oxygen is an essential factor for aerobic respiration because it removes hydrogen from the electron transport system. It also acts as a hydrogen acceptor. The absence of oxygen will inhibit the passage of electrons through the co-enzymes and also there won’t be a formation of proton pump and ATP will not be produced by oxidative phosphorylation.
Respiration is an energy-releasing and enzymatically controlled catabolic process which involves a step-wise oxidative breakdown of organic substances inside living cells.
In this statement about respiration explain the meaning of
1) Step-wise oxidative breakdown, and
2) Organic substances (used as substrates).
1) Step-wise oxidative breakdown:
The energy will be released in a stepwise manner during cellular respiration which is moderated enzymatically.
2) Organic substances (used as substrates):
Organic substances like carbohydrates used as substrates and oxidized during the respiratory process for releasing energy.
Comment on the statement – Respiration is an energy-producing process but ATP is being used in some steps of the process.
The phosphorylation reaction is the glycolysis process in which glucose is converted to glucose – 6 – phosphate which consumes one ATP.
Although the overall ATP produced by the complete oxidation of the substrate is more than the amount of energy spent on some metabolic processes.
The figure given below shows the steps in glycolysis. Fill in the missing steps A, B, C, D and also indicate whether ATP is being used up or released at step E?
Why is respiratory pathway referred to as an amphibolic pathway? Explain.
Respiratory pathway referred to as an amphibolic pathway because it comprises of the breakdown of substrates. The fatty acids are broken down into Acetyl CoA. Similarly, glycerol also enters a biochemical pathway and gets broken down into PGAL (3-phosphoglyceraldehyde). The amphibolic pathway involves both anabolic and catabolic pathway. Respiration can cause both the breakdown and synthesis of fatty acids. Thus it can be said to be an amphibolic pathway.
We commonly call ATP as the energy currency of the cell. Can you think of some other energy carriers present in a cell? Name any two.
Some other energy carriers present in a cell are:
GTP (Guanine Triphosphate)
ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate)