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1
PYP
NPAT 2020
Anu sold an article at 14.2% loss. Had he sold it for Rs.264 more, he would have gained 18.8%. To gain 16%, he should have sold it for:
2
PYP
NPAT 2020
What is the number of common terms in the two arithmetic progressions:13, 15, 17 ......... and 14, 17, 20, ........ if each progression has 100 terms?
3
PYP
NPAT 2020
The mean deviation of the numbers 12, 24, 16, 20, 15, 26, 13 about the median is:
4
PYP
NPAT 2020
If –5 is a root of the equation 2x2 + px – 15 = 0, and the equation p (x2 + x) + (k + 1) = 0 has equal roots, then the value of k is:
5
PYP
NPAT 2020
If a function f satisfies f(x) + 4f (3 – x) = 5x for all real numbers x, then f (3) =
6
PYP
NPAT 2020
is equal to:
7
PYP
NPAT 2020
A person standing on the deck of a ship, which is x m above the water level, observes the angle of elevation of the top of a hill as 60° and the angle of depression of the base of the hill as 30°. If the height of hill is y m, then x : y = ?
8
PYP
NPAT 2020
The highest score in an inning was of the total and the next highest was of the remaining. If these scores differ by 32, then of the total score is:
9
PYP
NPAT 2020
A loan has to be returned in two equal annual installments. If the rate of interest is 16% per annum compounded annually and each installment is Rs.5887, then the loan is:
10
PYP
NPAT 2020
If the standard deviation of x1, x2,... xn is 2.5, then what is the standard deviation of –3x1 + 2, –3x2 + 2, –3x3 + 2, ......–3xn + 2?
11
PYP
NPAT 2020
Let A and B be two events such that = 0.8 and = 0.3. Then P(A') + P(B') = x, where A' and B' are complements of A and B respectively. The value of x is:
12
PYP
NPAT 2020
A boat goes 75 km downstream and 40 km upstream in 13 hours. It can go 9 km downstream and 4.5 km upstream in 1.5 hours. What is the speed (in km/h) of the boat when going downstream?
13
PYP
NPAT 2020
If the mean of the data:is 22, then the value of x is:
14
PYP
NPAT 2020
In a survey of 68 students, it was found that 23 like tea but not coffee and 42 like tea. How many students like coffee but NOT tea?
15
PYP
NPAT 2020
The value of is:
16
PYP
NPAT 2020
The income of A is equal to 60% that of B and the expenditure of A is equal to 50% of B's expenditure. If A's income is equal to B's expenditure, then by what percent is B's saving more than A's saving?
17
PYP
NPAT 2020
The value of is:
18
PYP
NPAT 2020
Let x be the universal set for sets A and B . If n(A) = 208, n (B) = 292 and = 105, then provided n(x) = 1013.
19
PYP
NPAT 2020
Let U = {x|x ∈ N, x ≤ 9}, A = {x|x ∈ N, x ≤ 4}, B = {2x|x ∈ N, x ≤ 4} and C = {3, 4, 5, 6). Then (B – C)' – is the set:
20
PYP
NPAT 2020
A dealer gains 19% on the cost of an article when he allows 15% discount on its marked price. If the cost price of the article increases by 12%, how much discount percent should he allow on the same marked price so as to earn the same percentage of profit?
21
PYP
NPAT 2020
When 50 is subtracted from each of n numbers x1, x2 ....xn, then the sum of the resulting numbers is –10. When 46 is subtracted from each of x1, x2 .... xn, then the sum of the resulting numbers is 70. What is the mean of x1, x2 .... ,xn?
22
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NPAT 2020
The value of lies between:
23
PYP
NPAT 2020
Let x be the median of the following data: 26, 35, 32, 24, 23, 27, 36, 29, 21, 33. If 32 is replaced by 23 and 35 is replaced by 28, then the median of the data is y. What is the value of |x – y|?
24
PYP
NPAT 2020
If , then one of the values of is:
25
PYP
NPAT 2020
The range of the function , is :
26
PYP
NPAT 2020
The expression is equal to:
27
PYP
NPAT 2020
If the sum of the first n terms of an arithmetic progression is 3n2 + 2n, then the 100th term of the progression is:
28
PYP
NPAT 2020
If the variance of 2x1 – 7, 2x2 – 7, 2x3 – 7, ..., 2xn – 7, is 36, then the variance of 3x1, 3x2 , ..., 3xn, is:
29
PYP
NPAT 2020
If cosec , 0°< < 90º, then what is the value of ?
30
PYP
NPAT 2020
If the sum of squares of the roots of the equation x2 – (p + 2) x + (p + 1) = 0 (p is a real number) is 1, then the value of p is:
31
PYP
NPAT 2020
A function f is defined by f(x) = x + . Which of the following is true?
32
PYP
NPAT 2020
Three fractions are written in ascending order. When the smallest of the three is divided by the greatest, the result is , which is greater than the middle fraction by . When the middle fraction is divided by the greatest, then is obtained. The greatest fraction is:
33
PYP
NPAT 2020
A certain sum is divided among A, B, C and D in such a way that the ratio of shares of A and B is 3 : 5, that of B and C is 2 : 3 and that of C and D is 5 : 4. If the difference between the shares of A and C is Rs.990, then the share of D is:
34
PYP
NPAT 2020
The sum of an infinite geometric progression (GP) is 4 and the sum of cubes of terms of the same GP is 192. What is the sum of the first three terms of the GP?
35
PYP
NPAT 2020
If x + y + z = 2, xy + yz + zx = –5, then the value of x3 + y3 + z3 – 3xyz is:
36
PYP
NPAT 2020
Let A = {x|x is a prime factor of 120) and B = {y|y is the sum of any two prime factors of 120), then =
37
PYP
NPAT 2020
A solid metallic cube of edge 22 cm is melted and recast into spherical bullets each of 1 cm radius. What is the ratio of the total surface area of the cube to the total surface area of all the bullets? (Take ).
38
PYP
NPAT 2020
The value of is:
39
PYP
NPAT 2020
A two-digit number is equal to 7 times the sum of its digits. The number obtained by interchanging the digits is 9 less than the original number. The original number satisfies the equation:
40
PYP
NPAT 2020
If = , then the value of (a + b) is:
41
PYP
NPAT 2020
In the questions given below, a few statements are followed by some conclusions, which are numbereD. Assuming the statements to be true even if they do not confirm to real world knowledge, decide which of the conclusions logically follow(s) the statements. Choose your answer from the alternatives. Statements: 1. All books are valuables. 2. Some books are fictions. 3. Some fictions are novels. Conclusions: I. Some valuables are fictions. II. Some novels are books. III. No novel is a book.
42
PYP
NPAT 2020
If a means ‘+’, b means ‘-‘, c means ‘×’ and d means ‘÷’, then 12 c 2 b 8 d 4 a 6 = ?
43
PYP
NPAT 2020
If P means ‘plus’, Q means ‘minus’, R means ‘multiplied by’ and S means ‘divided by’, then 18 P 12 R (6 Q 3) S 9 = ?
44
PYP
NPAT 2020
Direction: The following criteria are to be fulfilled to waive the tuition fee of a student. (a) The student should have secured not less than 65 % in the Higher Secondary examination. (b) The annual income of the student’s family must not exceed Rs. 45,000. (c) The student must not be receiving any scholarship, or if at all she/he is receiving one, the amount must be less than Rs. 18,000 per annum. (d) Neither of the student’s parents should have been employed in the public or private sector. However, if the student fulfils all the above criteria EXCEPT (e) at (a) and/or (c) and her/his family income per annum is less than Rs. 36000, her/his case to be referred to the Principal. (f) at (d) and has secured more than 75% in Higher Secondary examination, his case is to be referred to the Director. Nalini is receiving a scholarship of Rs. 15,000 per annum as her parents are unemployed and the family income is less than Rs. 40,000 per annum. She has secured 65% in Higher Secondary examination. What decision would be taken in her case?
45
PYP
NPAT 2020
Direction: The following criteria are to be fulfilled to waive the tuition fee of a student. (a) The student should have secured not less than 65 % in the Higher Secondary examination. (b) The annual income of the student’s family must not exceed Rs. 45,000. (c) The student must not be receiving any scholarship, or if at all she/he is receiving one, the amount must be less than Rs. 18,000 per annum. (d) Neither of the student’s parents should have been employed in the public or private sector. However, if the student fulfils all the above criteria EXCEPT (e) at (a) and/or (c) and her/his family income per annum is less than Rs. 36000, her/his case to be referred to the Principal. (f) at (d) and has secured more than 75% in Higher Secondary examination, his case is to be referred to the Director. Ranjan comes from a family with an annual income of Rs. 38,000 and has parents who are unemployeD. He failed to secure a scholarship as he scored 64% in the Higher Secondary examination. What decision would be taken in this case?
46
PYP
NPAT 2020
Direction: The following criteria are to be fulfilled to waive the tuition fee of a student. (a) The student should have secured not less than 65 % in the Higher Secondary examination. (b) The annual income of the student’s family must not exceed Rs. 45,000. (c) The student must not be receiving any scholarship, or if at all she/he is receiving one, the amount must be less than Rs. 18,000 per annum. (d) Neither of the student’s parents should have been employed in the public or private sector. However, if the student fulfils all the above criteria EXCEPT (e) at (a) and/or (c) and her/his family income per annum is less than Rs. 36000, her/his case to be referred to the Principal. (f) at (d) and has secured more than 75% in Higher Secondary examination, his case is to be referred to the Director. Prakash is awarded a scholarship worth Rs. 18,000 per annum for having secured 80% in Higher Secondary examination. His parents are unemployed and the family income is Rs. 35,000 per annum. What decision would be taken in his case?
47
PYP
NPAT 2020
Direction: The following criteria are to be fulfilled to waive the tuition fee of a student. (a) The student should have secured not less than 65 % in the Higher Secondary examination. (b) The annual income of the student’s family must not exceed Rs. 45,000. (c) The student must not be receiving any scholarship, or if at all she/he is receiving one, the amount must be less than Rs. 18,000 per annum. (d) Neither of the student’s parents should have been employed in the public or private sector. However, if the student fulfils all the above criteria EXCEPT (e) at (a) and/or (c) and her/his family income per annum is less than Rs. 36000, her/his case to be referred to the Principal. (f) at (d) and has secured more than 75% in Higher Secondary examination, his case is to be referred to the Director. Anita passed the Higher Secondary examination with 77% of marks and stays in the college hostel as her father works in a private company. She receives a scholarship worth Rs. 12,000 a year, as her family income is less than Rs. 32,000 per annum. What decision would be taken in her case?
48
PYP
NPAT 2020
Direction: The following criteria are to be fulfilled to waive the tuition fee of a student. (a) The student should have secured not less than 65 % in the Higher Secondary examination. (b) The annual income of the student’s family must not exceed Rs. 45,000. (c) The student must not be receiving any scholarship, or if at all she/he is receiving one, the amount must be less than Rs. 18,000 per annum. (d) Neither of the student’s parents should have been employed in the public or private sector. However, if the student fulfils all the above criteria EXCEPT (e) at (a) and/or (c) and her/his family income per annum is less than Rs. 36000, her/his case to be referred to the Principal. (f) at (d) and has secured more than 75% in Higher Secondary examination, his case is to be referred to the Director. Ramesh is the son of a mechanic in the Government press on a salary of Rs. 3500 a month, which is the only source of income for the family. He receives a scholarship worth Rs. 18,000 for having secured 77% in the Higher Secondary examination. What decision would be taken by Ramesh?
49
PYP
NPAT 2020
The number in each section of the following diagram indicates number of persons. What percent of non-employed villagers are graduate?
50
PYP
NPAT 2020
A question is followed by two statements, I and II, each containing some information. Decide which of the statements is/are sufficient to answer the question. Question: How many children participated in the school’s annual function? Statements: I. 60% of the enrolled children in the school participated. II. The number of children participating was 480 more than the number of children not participating.
51
PYP
NPAT 2020
Among six objects, P, Q, R, S, T and U, R is twice as heavy as T, which is one and half times as heavy as Q. S is thrice as heavy as Q and one and half times as heavy as U. P is twice as heavy as U. Which is the heaviest of all?
52
PYP
NPAT 2020
In the given figure, triangle represents the students who appeared for Mathematics paper, rectangle represents the students who appeared for Statistics paper and circle represents the girls. What is the number of girls who appeared for Mathematics but not Statistics paper?
53
PYP
NPAT 2020
Select the option figure is related to the third figure in the same way the second figure is related to the first figure.
54
PYP
NPAT 2020
Direction: The following table shows the number of students in Institutions A and B at different stages. Study the table and answer the questions that follow. No. of students in two institutions A and B at different stages What percentage of science students (approximately) passing from both the institutions did not pursue higher studies?
55
PYP
NPAT 2020
Direction: The following table shows the number of students in Institutions A and B at different stages. Study the table and answer the questions that follow. No. of students in two institutions A and B at different stages In Arts stream in both the institutions, the ratio of the enrolled female students to male students is 7 : 3 and the ratio of females to males who got 1st class is 3 : 2 . Then, approximately what percentage of enrolled males in the Arts stream in both A and B got 1st class?
In a question given below, a few statements are followed by some conclusions, which are numbered. Assuming the statements to be true even if they do not conform to real world knowledge, decide which of the conclusions logically follow(s) the statements. Choose your answer from the alternatives. Statements: 1. No house is a building. 2. All buildings are mansions. Conclusions: I. Some houses are mansions. II. Some mansions are buildings.
58
PYP
NPAT 2020
A team of four is to be selected from four girls A, B, C and D and four boys E, F, G and H, meeting the following criteria. i. B and D must be together. ii. A and C cannot go together. iii. F and H must be together. iv. C cannot go with F. v. There must be equal number of boys and girls in the team. Which of the following team can be formed?
59
PYP
NPAT 2020
Three of the following alike in a certain way and one is different. Find the odd one out.
60
PYP
NPAT 2020
Six different training programmes, named A, B, C, D, E and F, were offered, one per day, from Monday to Saturday, according to the following schedule. i. D was offered the day just after B, which was not offered on Wednesday. ii. There was a gap of two days between D and F. F was not offered on the last day. iii. A was offered some day after D but not on the last day. iv. C was offered just before F. Which training was offered on the last day?
61
PYP
NPAT 2020
A question is followed by two statements, I and II, each containing some information, Decide which of the statements is/are sufficient to answer the question. Question: Is Nimesh older than Kartik? Statements: I. Kartik is younger than Rahul who is older than Nimesh. II. Kartik is older than Ramesh and also Ravi and Nimesh is younger than Ramesh.
62
PYP
NPAT 2020
The following diagram represents the students of a Public School who play Cricket, Football and Kabaddi. Find the section representing the number of students who play Kabaddi, Football and Cricket?
63
PYP
NPAT 2020
In the question given below a few statements are followed by some conclusions, which are numbered. Assuming the statements to be true even if they do not conform to real world knowledge, decide which of the conclusions logically follow(s) the statements. Choose your answer from the alternatives. Statements: 1. All managers are intelligent. 2. Some teachers are intelligent. Conclusions: I. All intelligent are either managers or teachers. II. Some intelligent persons are both managers and teachers. III. Some intelligent persons are managers.
64
PYP
NPAT 2020
Given are five problem figures in a sequence of which one is missing. Choose the missing figure from the alternatives.
65
PYP
NPAT 2020
Six friends A, B, C, D, E and F are sitting in a row. A is to the immediate right of D . There are two persons between D and F. C is sitting next to F and B is sitting next to E . If E is at one extreme end, who is sitting at the other end?
66
PYP
NPAT 2020
In the question given below, a statement is followed by two assumptions numbered I and II. Consider the statements and decide which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement. Statement: In a seminar, many speakers held the view that attempts should be made to ensure employment opportunities for juvenile offenders. Assumptions: I. Employing juvenile offenders would reduce the burden of unemployment among adolescents. II. Employing juvenile offenders is a step to help them return to the mainstream.
67
PYP
NPAT 2020
A question is followed by two statements I and II, each containing some information. Decide which of the statements is/are sufficient to answer the question. Question: In a row, C is exactly midway between A and B, and B is to the right of A as viewed by an observer. What exactly is the position of C from the left? Statements: I. A is 18th from the left and 15th from the right. II. There are five persons between B and C
68
PYP
NPAT 2020
Direction: The following pie-charts display the percentage-wise distribution of employees working in five different departments of Companies A and B. Study the charts and answer the questions that follow. What is the ratio of the number of employees in the Marketing department of A to the number of employees in the IT department of B?
69
PYP
NPAT 2020
Direction: The following pie-charts display the percentage-wise distribution of employees working in five different departments of Companies A and B. Study the charts and answer the questions that follow. If the total number of employees in companies A and B are reversed, what would be the ratio of the number of employees in the IT department of B to those in A?
70
PYP
NPAT 2020
Direction: The following pie-charts display the percentage-wise distribution of employees working in five different departments of Companies A and B. Study the charts and answer the questions that follow. In which two departments of companies A and B, respectively is the number of employees the same?
71
PYP
NPAT 2020
In the question given below, a statement followed by two assumptions numbered I and II. Consider the statement and decide which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement. Statement: It is now essential that every internet café should have at least one CCTV camera. Assumptions: I. Undesirable elements sending unwanted messages from the café sites can be tracked. II. Owner of the café needs to identify the categories of customers to maximize its service.
72
PYP
NPAT 2020
Select the option figure that is related to the third figure in the same way the second figure is related to the first figure.
73
PYP
NPAT 2020
A question is followed by two statements I and II, each containing some information. Decide which of the statements is/are sufficient to answer the question. Question: How is C exactly related to A? Statements: I. C is the brother of B, and D is the daughter of B and sister of A. II. A is the son of B who is the brother of C.
74
PYP
NPAT 2020
P, Q, R, S, T and U take a test. i. R scores more than S and P. ii. U scores less than S but more than P. iii. T scored more than S but less than R. If Q scores the least, what is the rank of U?
75
PYP
NPAT 2020
A question is followed by two statements I and II, each containing some information. Decide which of the statements is/are sufficient to answer the question. Question: The ratio of the price of two bicycles is 2 : 3. What would be the price of the first bicycle, if discounts of 10% and 15% are given on both the bicycles, respectively? Statements: I. Difference in the discounts on the two bicycles is Rs. 250. II. Discount on the second bicycles is Rs. 450.
76
PYP
NPAT 2020
Direction: The ratios of the wheat sold to that produced during the period 2011-2017 are given in the following graph. Study the graph and answer the questions that follow. If 200 quintals of wheat were produced every year, what was the approximate average amount of wheat sold during the entire period?
77
PYP
NPAT 2020
Direction: The ratios of the wheat sold to that produced during the period 2011-2017 are given in the following graph. Study the graph and answer the questions that follow. The ratio of the amount of wheat sold in 2014 to that in 2017 is 13 : 10. If 200 quintals of wheat was produced in 2017, how much was produced in 2014?
78
PYP
NPAT 2020
Direction: The ratios of the wheat sold to that produced during the period 2011-2017 are given in the following graph. Study the graph and answer the questions that follow. The ratio of wheat production in the years 2011, 2012 and 2013 was 3 : 2 : 1. If 425 quintals of wheat was sold in 2012, what was the average wheat production during the three-year period?
79
PYP
NPAT 2020
Direction: The following bar graph shows the total number of the employees and number of non-executives in six companies. The employees consist of only executives and non-executives. Study the bar graph and answer the questions that follow. What is the approximate average number of executives per company?
80
PYP
NPAT 2020
Direction: The following bar graph shows the total number of the employees and number of non-executives in six companies. The employees consist of only executives and non-executives. Study the bar graph and answer the questions that follow. If the number of employees in A and B are reversed and so also between C and D, leaving the number of non-executives intact, what would be the ratio of the executives in A and B together to that in C and D?
81
PYP
NPAT 2020
Direction: Read the paragraph carefully and answer the questions:It may feel like the electric car has been crowned the future of transportation. Auto Companies have plans to make more electric car models and sales – still only a tiny fraction of the overall market ------ are expected to get a boost as more countries pass regulations to reduce carbon emissions. But Japan isn’t sure that the battery-electric car is the only future and it’s betting big on something it says makes more sense in big cities: hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.A hydrogen fuel cell doesn’t burn anything. It uses a chemical reaction between hydrogen and the oxygen from the air to produce electricity. Hydrogen fuel cell cars are quiet, like battery-electric ones, and they emit only water.Only about 11,000 fuel cell vehicles are on the road worldwide. Nearly half of them are in California, which has stringent vehicle emission regulations and tax credits that incentivize electric and fuel cell vehicles. Japan has embraced the technology and aims to create the first "hydrogen society," which also includes the use of hydrogen for power generation. The energy ministry has ambitious targets in the lead-up to the 2020 Olympics. The city of Tokyo plans to deploy100 hydrogen fuel cell buses during the games, and it wants to have 40,000 fuel cell electric vehicles on the road, with a longer-term goal of 200,000 such vehicles in the next six years.Today there are far more battery-electric vehicles on the road than hydrogen cars, But in countries like Japan, where much of the population lives in dense urban areas, many people live in apartment buildings without a place to easily charge a car. It's here, where companies like Toyota are banking on the convenience of the hydrogen fuel cell. Meanwhile, Japan is investing heavily to create the infrastructure needed to promote hydrogen vehicles. It is tough to sell a hydrogen car without a lot of places to fill it up. But without more cars on the road, such fueling stations are not a smart investment for private companies.So, the Japanese government has stepped in with subsidies. The country, along with private companies like Toyota, has helped build and operate 100 hydrogen fueling stations so far. Japan has a target of 900 by 2030. By then, Toyota hopes there will be enough hydrogen vehicles to make the stations profitable.Another advantage of hydrogen could be reducing Japan's heavy reliance on Middle East oil. Hydrogen is abundant, and the fuel could be produced anywhere. But producing hydrogen fuel is itself energy-intensive, and — just as with battery electric vehicles — it might be produced using natural gas or coal. The main aim of the passage is to:
82
PYP
NPAT 2020
Direction: Read the paragraph carefully and answer the questions:It may feel like the electric car has been crowned the future of transportation. Auto Companies have plans to make more electric car models and sales – still only a tiny fraction of the overall market ------ are expected to get a boost as more countries pass regulations to reduce carbon emissions. But Japan isn’t sure that the battery-electric car is the only future and it’s betting big on something it says makes more sense in big cities: hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.A hydrogen fuel cell doesn’t burn anything. It uses a chemical reaction between hydrogen and the oxygen from the air to produce electricity. Hydrogen fuel cell cars are quiet, like battery-electric ones, and they emit only water.Only about 11,000 fuel cell vehicles are on the road worldwide. Nearly half of them are in California, which has stringent vehicle emission regulations and tax credits that incentivize electric and fuel cell vehicles. Japan has embraced the technology and aims to create the first "hydrogen society," which also includes the use of hydrogen for power generation. The energy ministry has ambitious targets in the lead-up to the 2020 Olympics. The city of Tokyo plans to deploy100 hydrogen fuel cell buses during the games, and it wants to have 40,000 fuel cell electric vehicles on the road, with a longer-term goal of 200,000 such vehicles in the next six years.Today there are far more battery-electric vehicles on the road than hydrogen cars, But in countries like Japan, where much of the population lives in dense urban areas, many people live in apartment buildings without a place to easily charge a car. It's here, where companies like Toyota are banking on the convenience of the hydrogen fuel cell. Meanwhile, Japan is investing heavily to create the infrastructure needed to promote hydrogen vehicles. It is tough to sell a hydrogen car without a lot of places to fill it up. But without more cars on the road, such fueling stations are not a smart investment for private companies.So, the Japanese government has stepped in with subsidies. The country, along with private companies like Toyota, has helped build and operate 100 hydrogen fueling stations so far. Japan has a target of 900 by 2030. By then, Toyota hopes there will be enough hydrogen vehicles to make the stations profitable.Another advantage of hydrogen could be reducing Japan's heavy reliance on Middle East oil. Hydrogen is abundant, and the fuel could be produced anywhere. But producing hydrogen fuel is itself energy-intensive, and — just as with battery electric vehicles — it might be produced using natural gas or coal. Hydrogen cars are being promoted for all of the following reasons EXCEPT that:
83
PYP
NPAT 2020
Direction: Read the paragraph carefully and answer the questions:It may feel like the electric car has been crowned the future of transportation. Auto Companies have plans to make more electric car models and sales – still only a tiny fraction of the overall market ------ are expected to get a boost as more countries pass regulations to reduce carbon emissions. But Japan isn’t sure that the battery-electric car is the only future and it’s betting big on something it says makes more sense in big cities: hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.A hydrogen fuel cell doesn’t burn anything. It uses a chemical reaction between hydrogen and the oxygen from the air to produce electricity. Hydrogen fuel cell cars are quiet, like battery-electric ones, and they emit only water.Only about 11,000 fuel cell vehicles are on the road worldwide. Nearly half of them are in California, which has stringent vehicle emission regulations and tax credits that incentivize electric and fuel cell vehicles. Japan has embraced the technology and aims to create the first "hydrogen society," which also includes the use of hydrogen for power generation. The energy ministry has ambitious targets in the lead-up to the 2020 Olympics. The city of Tokyo plans to deploy100 hydrogen fuel cell buses during the games, and it wants to have 40,000 fuel cell electric vehicles on the road, with a longer-term goal of 200,000 such vehicles in the next six years.Today there are far more battery-electric vehicles on the road than hydrogen cars, But in countries like Japan, where much of the population lives in dense urban areas, many people live in apartment buildings without a place to easily charge a car. It's here, where companies like Toyota are banking on the convenience of the hydrogen fuel cell. Meanwhile, Japan is investing heavily to create the infrastructure needed to promote hydrogen vehicles. It is tough to sell a hydrogen car without a lot of places to fill it up. But without more cars on the road, such fueling stations are not a smart investment for private companies.So, the Japanese government has stepped in with subsidies. The country, along with private companies like Toyota, has helped build and operate 100 hydrogen fueling stations so far. Japan has a target of 900 by 2030. By then, Toyota hopes there will be enough hydrogen vehicles to make the stations profitable.Another advantage of hydrogen could be reducing Japan's heavy reliance on Middle East oil. Hydrogen is abundant, and the fuel could be produced anywhere. But producing hydrogen fuel is itself energy-intensive, and — just as with battery electric vehicles — it might be produced using natural gas or coal. The writer notes that both hydrogen cars and electric cars
84
PYP
NPAT 2020
Direction: Read the paragraph carefully and answer the questions:It may feel like the electric car has been crowned the future of transportation. Auto Companies have plans to make more electric car models and sales – still only a tiny fraction of the overall market ------ are expected to get a boost as more countries pass regulations to reduce carbon emissions. But Japan isn’t sure that the battery-electric car is the only future and it’s betting big on something it says makes more sense in big cities: hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.A hydrogen fuel cell doesn’t burn anything. It uses a chemical reaction between hydrogen and the oxygen from the air to produce electricity. Hydrogen fuel cell cars are quiet, like battery-electric ones, and they emit only water.Only about 11,000 fuel cell vehicles are on the road worldwide. Nearly half of them are in California, which has stringent vehicle emission regulations and tax credits that incentivize electric and fuel cell vehicles. Japan has embraced the technology and aims to create the first "hydrogen society," which also includes the use of hydrogen for power generation. The energy ministry has ambitious targets in the lead-up to the 2020 Olympics. The city of Tokyo plans to deploy100 hydrogen fuel cell buses during the games, and it wants to have 40,000 fuel cell electric vehicles on the road, with a longer-term goal of 200,000 such vehicles in the next six years.Today there are far more battery-electric vehicles on the road than hydrogen cars, But in countries like Japan, where much of the population lives in dense urban areas, many people live in apartment buildings without a place to easily charge a car. It's here, where companies like Toyota are banking on the convenience of the hydrogen fuel cell. Meanwhile, Japan is investing heavily to create the infrastructure needed to promote hydrogen vehicles. It is tough to sell a hydrogen car without a lot of places to fill it up. But without more cars on the road, such fueling stations are not a smart investment for private companies.So, the Japanese government has stepped in with subsidies. The country, along with private companies like Toyota, has helped build and operate 100 hydrogen fueling stations so far. Japan has a target of 900 by 2030. By then, Toyota hopes there will be enough hydrogen vehicles to make the stations profitable.Another advantage of hydrogen could be reducing Japan's heavy reliance on Middle East oil. Hydrogen is abundant, and the fuel could be produced anywhere. But producing hydrogen fuel is itself energy-intensive, and — just as with battery electric vehicles — it might be produced using natural gas or coal. A Disadvantage of hydrogen cars implied by the writer is that:
85
PYP
NPAT 2020
Direction: Read the paragraph carefully and answer the questions:It may feel like the electric car has been crowned the future of transportation. Auto Companies have plans to make more electric car models and sales – still only a tiny fraction of the overall market ------ are expected to get a boost as more countries pass regulations to reduce carbon emissions. But Japan isn’t sure that the battery-electric car is the only future and it’s betting big on something it says makes more sense in big cities: hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.A hydrogen fuel cell doesn’t burn anything. It uses a chemical reaction between hydrogen and the oxygen from the air to produce electricity. Hydrogen fuel cell cars are quiet, like battery-electric ones, and they emit only water.Only about 11,000 fuel cell vehicles are on the road worldwide. Nearly half of them are in California, which has stringent vehicle emission regulations and tax credits that incentivize electric and fuel cell vehicles. Japan has embraced the technology and aims to create the first "hydrogen society," which also includes the use of hydrogen for power generation. The energy ministry has ambitious targets in the lead-up to the 2020 Olympics. The city of Tokyo plans to deploy100 hydrogen fuel cell buses during the games, and it wants to have 40,000 fuel cell electric vehicles on the road, with a longer-term goal of 200,000 such vehicles in the next six years.Today there are far more battery-electric vehicles on the road than hydrogen cars, But in countries like Japan, where much of the population lives in dense urban areas, many people live in apartment buildings without a place to easily charge a car. It's here, where companies like Toyota are banking on the convenience of the hydrogen fuel cell. Meanwhile, Japan is investing heavily to create the infrastructure needed to promote hydrogen vehicles. It is tough to sell a hydrogen car without a lot of places to fill it up. But without more cars on the road, such fueling stations are not a smart investment for private companies.So, the Japanese government has stepped in with subsidies. The country, along with private companies like Toyota, has helped build and operate 100 hydrogen fueling stations so far. Japan has a target of 900 by 2030. By then, Toyota hopes there will be enough hydrogen vehicles to make the stations profitable.Another advantage of hydrogen could be reducing Japan's heavy reliance on Middle East oil. Hydrogen is abundant, and the fuel could be produced anywhere. But producing hydrogen fuel is itself energy-intensive, and — just as with battery electric vehicles — it might be produced using natural gas or coal. Japan has taken all of the following measures to promote the use of hydrogen EXCEPT:
86
PYP
NPAT 2020
Direction: Read the paragraph carefully and answer the questions:While cities growing vertically through taller buildings are located predominantly in wealthier cities in North America, Europe, and East Asia, cities in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia are growing mainly outward. These cities have the fewest financial resources to manage their growth but are expected to hold more than 2 billion additional people by 2050.Failure to properly manage to expand land area not only exacerbates urban inequality, but it also contributes to greater economic and environmental risk for the city as a whole. From Mumbai to Mexico City, it is all-too-common to see crowded slums grow larger and denser next to unaffordable, often vacant, high-rise developments. As municipal service networks fail to keep pace with urban growth, resource-constrained cities tend to react to development trends instead of having land development agencies proactively plan for growth.Some of the implications of this unmanaged growth include: ● Greater Inequality: Like Lagos, many cities are already struggling with existing inequalities, inadequate service provision and stretched municipal capacities. Unmanaged land expansion exacerbates these struggles. Lower-income families typically move to a city’s periphery in search of affordable housing. Yet the further they get from the city center, the more difficult their lives can become. ● Economic Stresses for the City as a Whole: Research shows that as cities expand outward and population densities decline, the municipal costs of providing public services increase. In Indian and African cities, services like paved roads, drainage and piped water drop off sharply just 5 kilometers (3 miles) from the city. ● Environmental Problems: Globally, the rate of urban land growth far outpaces population growth. This often comes at a cost to prime agricultural land, ecosystem services, and biodiversity, which all contribute to food production and climate resilience. Already, we are seeing some of the fastest-growing urban areas in low-elevation coastal zones, flood plains, biodiversity hotspots, and water-stressed areas.These impacts are compounded by the fact that most outward growth currently underway in Africa and South Asia is unplanned and informal, or in locations where existing urban land-use regulations do not apply. Some of this expansion is outside of cities’ control, considering natural population increases and people migrating from rural to urban areas in search of economic opportunities. But other challenges are things cities can more proactively manage.Though a daunting challenge, some cities are already using innovative approaches to prioritize accessibility and manage urban expansion. Cities in Mexico, Brazil, and South Africa are directing new development to already well-serviced and connected areas, instead of spreading outwards.Cities in Colombia, South Korea, and India have been incrementally adding new land in well-connected and serviced locations by partnering with public utilities and private companies to help with financing. Many cities are also working with communities in informal settlements to create affordable density with more flexible planning standards and upgrading efforts. The central idea in the passage is that urban expansion needs to
87
PYP
NPAT 2020
Direction: Read the paragraph carefully and answer the questions:While cities growing vertically through taller buildings are located predominantly in wealthier cities in North America, Europe, and East Asia, cities in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia are growing mainly outward. These cities have the fewest financial resources to manage their growth but are expected to hold more than 2 billion additional people by 2050.Failure to properly manage to expand land area not only exacerbates urban inequality, but it also contributes to greater economic and environmental risk for the city as a whole. From Mumbai to Mexico City, it is all-too-common to see crowded slums grow larger and denser next to unaffordable, often vacant, high-rise developments. As municipal service networks fail to keep pace with urban growth, resource-constrained cities tend to react to development trends instead of having land development agencies proactively plan for growth.Some of the implications of this unmanaged growth include: ● Greater Inequality: Like Lagos, many cities are already struggling with existing inequalities, inadequate service provision and stretched municipal capacities. Unmanaged land expansion exacerbates these struggles. Lower-income families typically move to a city’s periphery in search of affordable housing. Yet the further they get from the city center, the more difficult their lives can become. ● Economic Stresses for the City as a Whole: Research shows that as cities expand outward and population densities decline, the municipal costs of providing public services increase. In Indian and African cities, services like paved roads, drainage and piped water drop off sharply just 5 kilometers (3 miles) from the city. ● Environmental Problems: Globally, the rate of urban land growth far outpaces population growth. This often comes at a cost to prime agricultural land, ecosystem services, and biodiversity, which all contribute to food production and climate resilience. Already, we are seeing some of the fastest-growing urban areas in low-elevation coastal zones, flood plains, biodiversity hotspots, and water-stressed areas.These impacts are compounded by the fact that most outward growth currently underway in Africa and South Asia is unplanned and informal, or in locations where existing urban land-use regulations do not apply. Some of this expansion is outside of cities’ control, considering natural population increases and people migrating from rural to urban areas in search of economic opportunities. But other challenges are things cities can more proactively manage.Though a daunting challenge, some cities are already using innovative approaches to prioritize accessibility and manage urban expansion. Cities in Mexico, Brazil, and South Africa are directing new development to already well-serviced and connected areas, instead of spreading outwards.Cities in Colombia, South Korea, and India have been incrementally adding new land in well-connected and serviced locations by partnering with public utilities and private companies to help with financing. Many cities are also working with communities in informal settlements to create affordable density with more flexible planning standards and upgrading efforts. The growth of cities in Africa and South Asia is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT
88
PYP
NPAT 2020
Direction: Read the paragraph carefully and answer the questions:While cities growing vertically through taller buildings are located predominantly in wealthier cities in North America, Europe, and East Asia, cities in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia are growing mainly outward. These cities have the fewest financial resources to manage their growth but are expected to hold more than 2 billion additional people by 2050.Failure to properly manage to expand land area not only exacerbates urban inequality, but it also contributes to greater economic and environmental risk for the city as a whole. From Mumbai to Mexico City, it is all-too-common to see crowded slums grow larger and denser next to unaffordable, often vacant, high-rise developments. As municipal service networks fail to keep pace with urban growth, resource-constrained cities tend to react to development trends instead of having land development agencies proactively plan for growth.Some of the implications of this unmanaged growth include: ● Greater Inequality: Like Lagos, many cities are already struggling with existing inequalities, inadequate service provision and stretched municipal capacities. Unmanaged land expansion exacerbates these struggles. Lower-income families typically move to a city’s periphery in search of affordable housing. Yet the further they get from the city center, the more difficult their lives can become. ● Economic Stresses for the City as a Whole: Research shows that as cities expand outward and population densities decline, the municipal costs of providing public services increase. In Indian and African cities, services like paved roads, drainage and piped water drop off sharply just 5 kilometers (3 miles) from the city. ● Environmental Problems: Globally, the rate of urban land growth far outpaces population growth. This often comes at a cost to prime agricultural land, ecosystem services, and biodiversity, which all contribute to food production and climate resilience. Already, we are seeing some of the fastest-growing urban areas in low-elevation coastal zones, flood plains, biodiversity hotspots, and water-stressed areas.These impacts are compounded by the fact that most outward growth currently underway in Africa and South Asia is unplanned and informal, or in locations where existing urban land-use regulations do not apply. Some of this expansion is outside of cities’ control, considering natural population increases and people migrating from rural to urban areas in search of economic opportunities. But other challenges are things cities can more proactively manage.Though a daunting challenge, some cities are already using innovative approaches to prioritize accessibility and manage urban expansion. Cities in Mexico, Brazil, and South Africa are directing new development to already well-serviced and connected areas, instead of spreading outwards.Cities in Colombia, South Korea, and India have been incrementally adding new land in well-connected and serviced locations by partnering with public utilities and private companies to help with financing. Many cities are also working with communities in informal settlements to create affordable density with more flexible planning standards and upgrading efforts. In the Second paragraph the writer recommends that Governments
89
PYP
NPAT 2020
Direction: Read the paragraph carefully and answer the questions:While cities growing vertically through taller buildings are located predominantly in wealthier cities in North America, Europe, and East Asia, cities in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia are growing mainly outward. These cities have the fewest financial resources to manage their growth but are expected to hold more than 2 billion additional people by 2050.Failure to properly manage to expand land area not only exacerbates urban inequality, but it also contributes to greater economic and environmental risk for the city as a whole. From Mumbai to Mexico City, it is all-too-common to see crowded slums grow larger and denser next to unaffordable, often vacant, high-rise developments. As municipal service networks fail to keep pace with urban growth, resource-constrained cities tend to react to development trends instead of having land development agencies proactively plan for growth.Some of the implications of this unmanaged growth include: ● Greater Inequality: Like Lagos, many cities are already struggling with existing inequalities, inadequate service provision and stretched municipal capacities. Unmanaged land expansion exacerbates these struggles. Lower-income families typically move to a city’s periphery in search of affordable housing. Yet the further they get from the city center, the more difficult their lives can become. ● Economic Stresses for the City as a Whole: Research shows that as cities expand outward and population densities decline, the municipal costs of providing public services increase. In Indian and African cities, services like paved roads, drainage and piped water drop off sharply just 5 kilometers (3 miles) from the city. ● Environmental Problems: Globally, the rate of urban land growth far outpaces population growth. This often comes at a cost to prime agricultural land, ecosystem services, and biodiversity, which all contribute to food production and climate resilience. Already, we are seeing some of the fastest-growing urban areas in low-elevation coastal zones, flood plains, biodiversity hotspots, and water-stressed areas.These impacts are compounded by the fact that most outward growth currently underway in Africa and South Asia is unplanned and informal, or in locations where existing urban land-use regulations do not apply. Some of this expansion is outside of cities’ control, considering natural population increases and people migrating from rural to urban areas in search of economic opportunities. But other challenges are things cities can more proactively manage.Though a daunting challenge, some cities are already using innovative approaches to prioritize accessibility and manage urban expansion. Cities in Mexico, Brazil, and South Africa are directing new development to already well-serviced and connected areas, instead of spreading outwards.Cities in Colombia, South Korea, and India have been incrementally adding new land in well-connected and serviced locations by partnering with public utilities and private companies to help with financing. Many cities are also working with communities in informal settlements to create affordable density with more flexible planning standards and upgrading efforts. According to the writer, the spread of city areas has increased environmental risks by
90
PYP
NPAT 2020
Direction: Read the paragraph carefully and answer the questions:While cities growing vertically through taller buildings are located predominantly in wealthier cities in North America, Europe, and East Asia, cities in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia are growing mainly outward. These cities have the fewest financial resources to manage their growth but are expected to hold more than 2 billion additional people by 2050.Failure to properly manage to expand land area not only exacerbates urban inequality, but it also contributes to greater economic and environmental risk for the city as a whole. From Mumbai to Mexico City, it is all-too-common to see crowded slums grow larger and denser next to unaffordable, often vacant, high-rise developments. As municipal service networks fail to keep pace with urban growth, resource-constrained cities tend to react to development trends instead of having land development agencies proactively plan for growth.Some of the implications of this unmanaged growth include: ● Greater Inequality: Like Lagos, many cities are already struggling with existing inequalities, inadequate service provision and stretched municipal capacities. Unmanaged land expansion exacerbates these struggles. Lower-income families typically move to a city’s periphery in search of affordable housing. Yet the further they get from the city center, the more difficult their lives can become. ● Economic Stresses for the City as a Whole: Research shows that as cities expand outward and population densities decline, the municipal costs of providing public services increase. In Indian and African cities, services like paved roads, drainage and piped water drop off sharply just 5 kilometers (3 miles) from the city. ● Environmental Problems: Globally, the rate of urban land growth far outpaces population growth. This often comes at a cost to prime agricultural land, ecosystem services, and biodiversity, which all contribute to food production and climate resilience. Already, we are seeing some of the fastest-growing urban areas in low-elevation coastal zones, flood plains, biodiversity hotspots, and water-stressed areas.These impacts are compounded by the fact that most outward growth currently underway in Africa and South Asia is unplanned and informal, or in locations where existing urban land-use regulations do not apply. Some of this expansion is outside of cities’ control, considering natural population increases and people migrating from rural to urban areas in search of economic opportunities. But other challenges are things cities can more proactively manage.Though a daunting challenge, some cities are already using innovative approaches to prioritize accessibility and manage urban expansion. Cities in Mexico, Brazil, and South Africa are directing new development to already well-serviced and connected areas, instead of spreading outwards.Cities in Colombia, South Korea, and India have been incrementally adding new land in well-connected and serviced locations by partnering with public utilities and private companies to help with financing. Many cities are also working with communities in informal settlements to create affordable density with more flexible planning standards and upgrading efforts. Some Cities are tackling their haphazard urban expansion by
91
PYP
NPAT 2020
Direction: Identify and select the option that best fills in the blank(s) and completes the sentence given below: My parents got angry________me when I asked them for an iPhone last week.
92
PYP
NPAT 2020
Direction: Identify and select the option that best gives the meaning of the underlined word/phrase in bold. Succulents on the whole have care needs that are very similar.
93
PYP
NPAT 2020
Direction: Identify and select the option that best fills in the blank(s) and completes the sentence given below: Do you think the diamond merchant who made off with _______money will get caught?
94
PYP
NPAT 2020
Direction: Identify and select the option that best gives the meaning of the underlined word/phrase in bold. Kevin was already angry. By testing him, his friends added fuel to the fire.
95
PYP
NPAT 2020
Direction: In the sentence given below four words/phrases have been underlined and the underlined words/phrases are given as options. Identify and select the option that contains an error. Trade winds that constantly blow across South Pacific are Responsible for the violent tropical storms called willy-willies.
96
PYP
NPAT 2020
Direction: Identify and select the option that best fills in the blank(s) and completes the sentence given below: Tornadoes are violently _______ columns of air that extent from a thunderstorm to the ground.
97
PYP
NPAT 2020
Direction: Identify and select the option that best fills in the blank(s) and completes the sentence given below: Nitesh ran fast _______his legs were hurting.
98
PYP
NPAT 2020
Direction: Identify and select the option that completes the sentence best: There is a crisis in the education sector- for example, many countries are experiencing an _______ shortage of primary school teachers.
99
PYP
NPAT 2020
Direction: In the sentence given below four words/phrases have been underlined and the underlined words/phrases are given as options. Identify and select the option that contains an error. Anime is an art from having distinctive production methods and techniques that have been adapted over a period of time.
100
PYP
NPAT 2020
Direction: Given below are five sentences, labelled A), B), C), D) and E). They are not in a meaningful order. Choose from the options given below their order which will make them into a meaningful paragraph: A) That’s because, as rain falls it gathers up any pollution that is in the air. B) Rain seems to make things cleaner, doesn’t it, besides helping plants grow? C) But rain can make things dirty. D) That’s why it leaves cars looking streaky and windows looking spotty. E) It helps flowers bloom, makes roads look shiny and leaves a fresh smell in the air.
101
PYP
NPAT 2020
Direction: Identify and select the option that best fills in the blank(s) and completes the sentence given below: My vegetable patch looks terrible this summer. There are ______ weeds.
102
PYP
NPAT 2020
Direction: In the sentence given below four words/phrases have been underlined and the underlined words/phrases are given as options. Identify and select the option that contains an error. Tourism has been slow in developing in the Pacific due to long travel distances and shortage of modern hotels.
103
PYP
NPAT 2020
Direction: Identify and select the option that completes the sentence best: Young learners need a firm ______ in oracy skills before they can become proficient readers and writers of any language.
104
PYP
NPAT 2020
Direction: Identify and Select the option that best gives the meaning of the underlined word/phrase in bold: Succulents are plants that have some parts which are more than normally thick and fleshy.
105
PYP
NPAT 2020
Direction: Given below are five sentences, labelled A), B), C), D) and E). They are not in a meaningful order. Choose from the options given below their order which will make them into a meaningful paragraph: A) Throughout history people have created colour using natural dyes and pigments. B) Dyes and paints are substances that are used to stain or give colour to a large range of objects. C) Pigments which form the color in paints are held in place by a varnish-like substance which binds the pigment to the surface being painted. D) The substances that give color to dyes are called dyestuffs. E) These when dissolved in water penetrate the fibres of fabrics by means of a chemical reaction.
106
PYP
NPAT 2020
Direction: In the sentence given below four words/phrases have been underlined and the underlined words/phrases are given as options. Identify and select the option that contains an error. Banks use codes and ciphers to keep financial deals private while spies or criminals use them to avoid capture.
107
PYP
NPAT 2020
Direction: Identify and select the option that completes the sentence best: Stitches and staples due to surgery are unsightly and _______ to infection.
108
PYP
NPAT 2020
Direction: Identify and Select the option that best gives the meaning of the underlined word/phrase in bold: Succulents on the whole have care needs that are very similar.
109
PYP
NPAT 2020
Direction: Identify and select the option that best fills in the blank(s) and completes the sentence given below: I ________ my lessons when my mother walked into the room.
110
PYP
NPAT 2020
Direction: Identify and Select the option that best gives the meaning of the underlined word/phrase in bold: Succulents have low water needs and can thrive on limited sources like mist and dew.
111
PYP
NPAT 2020
Direction: Given below are five sentences, labelled A), B), C), D) and E). They are not in a meaningful order. Choose from the options given below their order which will make them into a meaningful paragraph: A) On the Contrary, they can also have fallen deeply in love with that thing. B) I believe a nation too is born to excel in something. C) Somethings come naturally, as if we’re born to do it. D) As a people, they are not merely gifted in something that is quite opposed to their past experience. E) Some people are born mathematicians, other musicians, dancers or philosophers.
112
PYP
NPAT 2020
Direction: Identify and select the option that completes the sentence best: Providing children quiet, ________ time is just as important as purposeful activity for child.
113
PYP
NPAT 2020
Direction: Read the paragraph carefully and answer the questions:The invention of the zero was a hugely significant mathematical development, one that is fundamental to calculus, which made physics, engineering and much of modern technology possible. But what was it about Indian culture that gave rise to this creation that’s so important to modern India – and the modern world?.....Indians, unlike people from many other cultures, were already philosophically open to the concept of nothingness. Systems such as yoga were developed to encourage meditation and the emptying of the mind, while both the Buddhist and Hindu religions embrace the concept of nothingness as part of their teachings.In addition, the nation has long had a fascination with sophisticated mathematics. Early Indian mathematicians were obsessed with giant numbers, counting well into the trillions when the Ancient Greeks stopped at about 10,000. They even had different types of infinity.Hindu astronomers and mathematicians Aryabhata, born in 476, and Brahmagupta, born in 598, are both popularly believed to have been the first to formally describe the modern decimal place value system and present rules governing the use of the zero symbol. Although Gwalior has long been thought to be the site of the first occurrence of the zero written as a circle, an ancient Indian scroll called the Bhakshali manuscript, which shows a placeholder dot symbol, was recently carbon dated to the 3rd or 4rd Centuries. It is now considered the earliest recorded occurrence of zero.Marcus du Sautoy, professor of mathematics at the University of Oxford, is quoted on the university’s website as saying, “[T]he creation of zero as a number in its own right, which evolved from the placeholder dot symbol found in the Bakhshali manuscript, was one of the greatest breakthroughs in the history of mathematics. We now know that it was as early as the 3rd Century that mathematicians in India planted the seed of the idea that would later become so fundamental to the modern world. The findings show how vibrant mathematics have been in the Indian sub-continent for centuries.”But equally interesting are the reasons as to why the zero wasn’t developed elsewhere. Although the Mayans and Babylonians (and many other civilisations) may have had a concept of zero as a placeholder, the idea is not known to have developed as a number to be used in mathematics anywhere else. One theory is that some cultures had a negative view of the concept of nothingness. For example, there was a time in the early days of Christianity in Europe when religious leaders banned the use of zero because they felt that, since God is in everything, a symbol that represented nothing must be satanic.So maybe there is something to these connected ideas, to the spiritual wisdom of India that gave rise to meditation and the invention of zero. There’s another connected idea, too, which has had a profound effect on the modern world. The invention of the Zero benefitted all of the following EXCEPT
114
PYP
NPAT 2020
Direction: Read the paragraph carefully and answer the questions:The invention of the zero was a hugely significant mathematical development, one that is fundamental to calculus, which made physics, engineering and much of modern technology possible. But what was it about Indian culture that gave rise to this creation that’s so important to modern India – and the modern world?.....Indians, unlike people from many other cultures, were already philosophically open to the concept of nothingness. Systems such as yoga were developed to encourage meditation and the emptying of the mind, while both the Buddhist and Hindu religions embrace the concept of nothingness as part of their teachings.In addition, the nation has long had a fascination with sophisticated mathematics. Early Indian mathematicians were obsessed with giant numbers, counting well into the trillions when the Ancient Greeks stopped at about 10,000. They even had different types of infinity.Hindu astronomers and mathematicians Aryabhata, born in 476, and Brahmagupta, born in 598, are both popularly believed to have been the first to formally describe the modern decimal place value system and present rules governing the use of the zero symbol. Although Gwalior has long been thought to be the site of the first occurrence of the zero written as a circle, an ancient Indian scroll called the Bhakshali manuscript, which shows a placeholder dot symbol, was recently carbon dated to the 3rd or 4rd Centuries. It is now considered the earliest recorded occurrence of zero.Marcus du Sautoy, professor of mathematics at the University of Oxford, is quoted on the university’s website as saying, “[T]he creation of zero as a number in its own right, which evolved from the placeholder dot symbol found in the Bakhshali manuscript, was one of the greatest breakthroughs in the history of mathematics. We now know that it was as early as the 3rd Century that mathematicians in India planted the seed of the idea that would later become so fundamental to the modern world. The findings show how vibrant mathematics have been in the Indian sub-continent for centuries.”But equally interesting are the reasons as to why the zero wasn’t developed elsewhere. Although the Mayans and Babylonians (and many other civilisations) may have had a concept of zero as a placeholder, the idea is not known to have developed as a number to be used in mathematics anywhere else. One theory is that some cultures had a negative view of the concept of nothingness. For example, there was a time in the early days of Christianity in Europe when religious leaders banned the use of zero because they felt that, since God is in everything, a symbol that represented nothing must be satanic.So maybe there is something to these connected ideas, to the spiritual wisdom of India that gave rise to meditation and the invention of zero. There’s another connected idea, too, which has had a profound effect on the modern world. The main point of passage is to
115
PYP
NPAT 2020
Direction: Read the paragraph carefully and answer the questions:The invention of the zero was a hugely significant mathematical development, one that is fundamental to calculus, which made physics, engineering and much of modern technology possible. But what was it about Indian culture that gave rise to this creation that’s so important to modern India – and the modern world?.....Indians, unlike people from many other cultures, were already philosophically open to the concept of nothingness. Systems such as yoga were developed to encourage meditation and the emptying of the mind, while both the Buddhist and Hindu religions embrace the concept of nothingness as part of their teachings.In addition, the nation has long had a fascination with sophisticated mathematics. Early Indian mathematicians were obsessed with giant numbers, counting well into the trillions when the Ancient Greeks stopped at about 10,000. They even had different types of infinity.Hindu astronomers and mathematicians Aryabhata, born in 476, and Brahmagupta, born in 598, are both popularly believed to have been the first to formally describe the modern decimal place value system and present rules governing the use of the zero symbol. Although Gwalior has long been thought to be the site of the first occurrence of the zero written as a circle, an ancient Indian scroll called the Bhakshali manuscript, which shows a placeholder dot symbol, was recently carbon dated to the 3rd or 4rd Centuries. It is now considered the earliest recorded occurrence of zero.Marcus du Sautoy, professor of mathematics at the University of Oxford, is quoted on the university’s website as saying, “[T]he creation of zero as a number in its own right, which evolved from the placeholder dot symbol found in the Bakhshali manuscript, was one of the greatest breakthroughs in the history of mathematics. We now know that it was as early as the 3rd Century that mathematicians in India planted the seed of the idea that would later become so fundamental to the modern world. The findings show how vibrant mathematics have been in the Indian sub-continent for centuries.”But equally interesting are the reasons as to why the zero wasn’t developed elsewhere. Although the Mayans and Babylonians (and many other civilisations) may have had a concept of zero as a placeholder, the idea is not known to have developed as a number to be used in mathematics anywhere else. One theory is that some cultures had a negative view of the concept of nothingness. For example, there was a time in the early days of Christianity in Europe when religious leaders banned the use of zero because they felt that, since God is in everything, a symbol that represented nothing must be satanic.So maybe there is something to these connected ideas, to the spiritual wisdom of India that gave rise to meditation and the invention of zero. There’s another connected idea, too, which has had a profound effect on the modern world. The writer attributes all of the following to India’s invention of the zero EXCEPT
116
PYP
NPAT 2020
Direction: Read the paragraph carefully and answer the questions:The invention of the zero was a hugely significant mathematical development, one that is fundamental to calculus, which made physics, engineering and much of modern technology possible. But what was it about Indian culture that gave rise to this creation that’s so important to modern India – and the modern world?.....Indians, unlike people from many other cultures, were already philosophically open to the concept of nothingness. Systems such as yoga were developed to encourage meditation and the emptying of the mind, while both the Buddhist and Hindu religions embrace the concept of nothingness as part of their teachings.In addition, the nation has long had a fascination with sophisticated mathematics. Early Indian mathematicians were obsessed with giant numbers, counting well into the trillions when the Ancient Greeks stopped at about 10,000. They even had different types of infinity.Hindu astronomers and mathematicians Aryabhata, born in 476, and Brahmagupta, born in 598, are both popularly believed to have been the first to formally describe the modern decimal place value system and present rules governing the use of the zero symbol. Although Gwalior has long been thought to be the site of the first occurrence of the zero written as a circle, an ancient Indian scroll called the Bhakshali manuscript, which shows a placeholder dot symbol, was recently carbon dated to the 3rd or 4rd Centuries. It is now considered the earliest recorded occurrence of zero.Marcus du Sautoy, professor of mathematics at the University of Oxford, is quoted on the university’s website as saying, “[T]he creation of zero as a number in its own right, which evolved from the placeholder dot symbol found in the Bakhshali manuscript, was one of the greatest breakthroughs in the history of mathematics. We now know that it was as early as the 3rd Century that mathematicians in India planted the seed of the idea that would later become so fundamental to the modern world. The findings show how vibrant mathematics have been in the Indian sub-continent for centuries.”But equally interesting are the reasons as to why the zero wasn’t developed elsewhere. Although the Mayans and Babylonians (and many other civilisations) may have had a concept of zero as a placeholder, the idea is not known to have developed as a number to be used in mathematics anywhere else. One theory is that some cultures had a negative view of the concept of nothingness. For example, there was a time in the early days of Christianity in Europe when religious leaders banned the use of zero because they felt that, since God is in everything, a symbol that represented nothing must be satanic.So maybe there is something to these connected ideas, to the spiritual wisdom of India that gave rise to meditation and the invention of zero. There’s another connected idea, too, which has had a profound effect on the modern world. The importance of Bhakshali manuscript is that it
117
PYP
NPAT 2020
Direction: In the sentence given below four words/phrases have been underlined and the underlined words/phrases are given as options. Identify and select the option that contains an error. Ecologists consider all the organisms that lives in one area as an inter-dependent community.
118
PYP
NPAT 2020
Direction: Identify and select the option that best fills in the blank(s) and completes the sentence given below: _________ Sana is beautiful, everybody dislikes her.
119
PYP
NPAT 2020
Direction: Identify and select the option that best fills in the blank(s) and completes the sentence given below: Prior to the digital era, anime was produced ________ traditional animation methods.
120
PYP
NPAT 2020
Direction: Given below are the five sentences, labeled A), B), C), D) and E). They are not in a meaningful order. Choose from the options given below their order which will make them into a meaning paragraph: A) Penguins rely on their waterproof features for warmth: therefore, losing his heathers made Pierre unwilling to jump in the penguin tank. B) This is because Pierre is losing his feathers: he is going bald, especially around his bottom. C) However, Pierre, the jackass penguin, who lives at California Academy of Sciences, dislikes the wet stuff. D) It is a fact that penguins swim in the water and generally enjoy themselves in wet conditions. E) He stands shivering beside the penguin tank.
