Chapter 8: Human Health and Diseases

Ans: Correct option is b.

Chronic pain is rheumatoid arthritis owing to inflammation simultaneously of multiple joint synovial membranes. It often begins in the tiny joints in the hand and asymmetrically progressive and centripetal. It entails joint erosion. This leads to more active lymphocytes and a loss of the bodily cells' capacity to distinguish between themselves and foreign cells. The lymphocytes begin to attack the cells of the body. For which the ability to differentiate pathogens or foreign molecules are easy.

Ans: Correct option is c.

HIV is the cause of AIDS in a person who has the virus after a certain incubation period. This virus can be transmitted through:

1. Contaminated blood transfusion.

2. Sharing infected needles with Iv users.

3. It can also be caused by unprotected sexual contact with infected person.

4. Exchange of saliva with an infected person.

5. Vertical transmission from mother to the child in womb.

Ans: Correct option is a.

Ans: Correct option is c.

A. Serotonin is a monoamine neurotransmitter that has a role in feelings of well-being.

Colostrum is the first milk produced by the mammary glands after a baby is born. It contains antibodies that help the immune system of the newborn develop.

C. Interferon is a protein produced by a cell during viral infection that protects other cells from becoming infected. When a virus is present, the host cell produces interferon, which is a protein cocktail.

D. Histamine is a nitrogenous substance that plays a role in the immune system.

Ans: Correct is option is c

Transplantation is the process of replacing an unhealthy organ in a person with a healthy one. Because they are regarded as foreign items by the body, these replacement organs are sometimes rejected by the immune system. T-Lymphocytes respond by launching a cell-mediated immune response. Because these lymphocytes attempt to distinguish between their own and alien cells, the transplant is occasionally rejected.

Ans: Correct option is b

One of the antibodies contained in colostrum is IgA, also known as secretory immunoglobulin. It can be found in the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory system, and urogenital tract mucosal linings. In these systems, its goal is to prevent pathogenic infection.

Ans: Correct option is A

Tobacco is a stimulant that is smoked and eaten as Gutkha, Jarda pan masala, and other meals. Nicotine is a type of alkaloid that has a stimulating effect on the central nervous system. This stimulates the adrenal gland to create adrenaline, which increases heart rate, alertness, and other symptoms. It also acts as a sedative by boosting the production of nor-adrenaline, which relaxes the mind and reduces anxiety.

Ans: Correct option is c

Snakes and spiders are milked for their venom, which is commonly obtained from various animals or snakes. Small doses of venom are injected into the animal, and the dose is gradually increased until the animal develops tolerance to the venom and the animal producers' antibodies against the venom are developed. These are obtained by isolating antibodies from the blood of animals. Antivenin is a medication that is used to treat dangerous bites and stings. The majority are administered intravenously; they just connect to the venom and neutralise it, preventing further harm but not reversing it. It should be given as soon as possible after the lethal bite has occurred. Because snake antivenom is complicated and expensive to develop, there is always a scarcity of these antivenoms.

Ans: Correct option is c

All of the following organs are lymphoid tissue, with the exception of the pancreas, which is a mixed gland with both endocrine and exocrine glands. The pancreas is a stomach-based digestive organ. It plays a crucial role in converting the food we eat into energy for our cells. Exocrine digesting and endocrine blood sugar management are the two major activities of the pancreas.

Ans: Correct option is c

Between the lungs, right in front of the sternum, is the thymus gland. This gland is enormous at birth and contributes in the development of T-lymphocytes. During puberty, it shrinks in size and is replaced by fat. The thymus is made up of immature T cells called thymocytes, as well as lining cells called epithelial cells, which help thymocytes develop. T cells that grow properly respond to MHC immune receptors in the body rather than bodily proteins (a process known as positive selection) (called negative selection). The thymus is the largest and most active during the neonatal and pre-adolescent years. The thymus has begun to shrink in size and function by early adolescence, and the thymus tissue has been gradually replaced by adipose tissue. Despite this, some T cell growth continues into adulthood.