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Practice each question, then open the answer or worked solution.
What is homeostasis?
Homeostasis is the tendency of the organism to maintain a constant internal environment despite varying external environmental conditions like temperature.
Define aestivation.
Aestivation is a behavioural adaptation to avoid extreme heat and desiccation in the summer season.
What are diapause and its significance?
Diapause is a type of adaptation to survive during unfavourable conditions. Diapause is a stage of suspended development in some organisms like zooplankton in lakes and ponds.
What would be the growth rate pattern, when the resources are unlimited?
When the resources are unlimited, the growth rate pattern would be exponential.
What are the organisms that feed on plant sap and other plant parts called?
The organisms that feed on plant sap and other plant parts are called Phytophagous. For example, insects and other invertebrates.
What is high altitude sickness? Write its symptoms.
High altitude sickness is also known as mountain sickness. Symptoms are breathlessness, fast breathing, nausea, vomiting, headache etc.
Give a suitable example for commensalism.
Interaction between cattle egret and grazing cattle is also an example of commensalism. One species is benefitted, and the other species is unaffected, i.e., neither benefitted nor harmed.
Define ectoparasite and endoparasite and give suitable examples.
Ecoparasite is a parasite that feeds on the external surface of the host organism and generally attaches to them during feeding. Example – Lice on humans, ticks on dogs, etc.
Endoparasites are those that live inside the host body at different places like kidneys, lungs, red blood cells, etc. For example, human liver fluke, tapeworm, etc.
What is brood parasitism? Explain with the help of an example.
Brood parasitism is a type of parasitism in which an organism lays eggs on the nest of another organism.
For example, a cuckoo lays eggs in the nest of its host, and the hosts incubate the eggs. The size and colour of both the eggs are similar, this reduces the chances of the host bird detecting the foreign eggs and ejecting them out of the nest.