Chapter 7: Structural Organisation in Animals

a. Wrong statement.

In earthworms, there is the presence of a pair of the male genital pore.

b. Correct statement

c. Wrong statement

The muscular layer in the body wall of the earthworm is not only made up of circular muscles but it also has longitudinal muscles.

d. Correct statement.

Nephridia in earthworms are similar in structure they are classified into different types based on their location.

1. Septal Nephridia: It is located in both sides of the intersegmental septa from the 15th segment till the end

2. Pharyngeal Nephridia: It is located in the 4th, 5th and 6th segment of the earthworm.

3. Integumentary Nephridia: It is located in the body wall i.e., the integument of the earthworm.

a. Tiger – Panthera tigris.

b. Peacock – Pavocristatus.

c. Housefly – Musca domestica.

a. In cockroach grinding of food particle is performed by gizzard.

b. Malpighian tubules help in removal of Nitrogenous excretory products.

c. The hindgut of cockroach is differentiated into ileum, colon and rectum.

d. In cockroach blood vessels open into spaces called Haemocoel.

1. They have compound eyes that contain numerous small visual units

2. Ommatidia is known as the visual unit in their eye

3. Their eyes have a lower resolution but higher sensitivity

During hibernation and aestivation, it sleeps and uses the stored energy in the body and emerges after the harsh environmental temperature has passed. Camouflage helps in the frog’s protection and catching prey.

a. Nictitating membrane – i. It is the third eyelid present in frogs which protects the frog from water and land environment

b. Tympanum – ii. It is present behind the eyes of a frog. It helps in transmitting soundwaves to the inner part of the ear in frogs.

c. Copulatory pad – iii. The male frogs have a copulatory pad on the forelimbs which help in holding the female tightly during mating.

a. Secretion and absorption i.Cuboidal epithelium.

b. Protective covering ii.Stratified epithelium.

c. Linking and supporting framework iii. Connective tissue.

1. False or pseudo body segmentation is the segmentation of the ectoderm. For example: In tapeworms, it shows external segmentation but it does not have internal segmentation.

2. True body segmentation is the series of repetition of a body part. It shows external segmentation as well as internal segmentation. For example, It is observed in arthropods like earthworms.

Cardiac muscle tissue is an extremely specialized tissue which is only found in the heart. It has similar characteristics of skeletal as well as smooth muscles. It can sustain contraction and relaxation rapidly. They are involuntary.