Chapter 22: Chemical Coordination and Integration

In the case of Males, the LH stimulates Androgen secretion and synthesis from testes. The principal of androgen is testosterone which stimulates the spermatogenesis and responsible for the growth and development of male accessory sex organs. In females, LH induces ovulation, on the day of ovulation follicle rupture and release secondary oocyte under the influence of LH. LH promotes the development of corpus luteum.

Secondary messenger like (cAMP) act as intracellular hormonal mediator which deliver the information inside the target cell. Secondary messenger is cAMP, cGMP, diacylglycerol, inositol triphosphate, phosphoinositides, calcium etc.

a. Goitre. This is due to the overstimulation of thyroid gland which causes an enlargement in the gland.

b. It is caused due to the deficiency of iodine in the diet that results in hyperthyroidism and enlargement of the thyroid gland

c. Defective development and maturation of the growing baby leads to stunted growth (cretinism)

Melatonin is the hormone which is responsible for this biological system discomfort. Jet lag is a temporary sleep disorder.

Cortisol is a steroid hormone which is secreted by the adrenal cortex that produces anti-inflammatory responses and suppresses the immune response.

Thymosin is the important hormone that plays an important role in the immune system but with age, thymus gland starts to degenerate and thus old people have a weak immune system.

Hypothyroidism during pregnancy causes defective development and stunted growth (cretinism). Mental retardation and low intelligence quotient.

Hypothyroidism is when the thyroid hormone secretes less amount causes this disease. The symptoms include weight gain, loss of appetite, dry and coarse skin.

Hyperthyroidism is due to the high amount of secretion which causes the excessive amount of thyroid hormone and patient leads to hyperthyroidism. The symptoms include weight loss, increased appetite and moist skin.