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NCERT · Class 12 · English

Chapter 5: The Argumentative Indian

Practice each question, then open the answer or worked solution.

Questions

4 questions
Q1Written answer

What is Sen’s interpretation of the positions taken by Krishna and Arjuna in the debate between them? [Note: Sen’s comment: “Arjuna’s contrary arguments are not really vanquished… There remains a powerful case for ‘faring well’ and not just ‘faring forward’.”]

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Answer. Sen believes that no matter what the message of the Bhagavad Gita, Arjuna’s position that ‘everything goes well’ should not be ignored entirely. Krishna believes in the concept of moving forward, regardless of the consequences. Sen said that Arjuna made a more practical choice than ‘faring well’. In the modern world, there exists a world full of war and violence. He cited J.R. Oppenheimer (a physicist from the American group that developed nuclear weapons) as an example to support his argument.

Sen believes that Krishna’s ‘faring forward’ during this period of violence should not be considered because it will lead to negative consequences; on the contrary, today’s best solution is to take appropriate action and evaluate the situation. Therefore, Sen supports Arjuna’s decision of ‘faring well’ and not ‘just forward’.

Q2Written answer

What are the three major issues Sen discusses here in relation to India’s dialogic tradition?

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Answer. Sen majorly discusses the issues related to caste, gender and voice and breaks these barriers under India’s argumentative tradition. He also declares that these barriers have previously been removed many times before, as early as the 8th century BC.

Q3Written answer

Sen has sought here to dispel some misconceptions about democracy in India. What are these misconceptions?

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Answer. The two biggest misunderstandings about democracy in India that Amartya Sen tried to dispel are

1) The assumption that the western world endowed India with the practice of democracy and simply took over democracy after its independence.

2) That India is particularly suitable for democracy because of its history.

Q4Written answer

How, according to Sen, has the tradition of public discussion and interactive reasoning helped the success of democracy in India?

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Answer. Sen believes that public discussion and interactive thinking help shape India’s social world and culture. He said that India’s political traditions have deeply influenced Indian politics and made differences in the natural state of India. Controversy is an integral part of Indian public life. Common opinions are an indispensable part of democracy, and the tradition of public debate and interactive discourse help increase the success rate of democracy in India.