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NCERT · Class 12 · English

Chapter 3: Film-making

Practice each question, then open the answer or worked solution.

Talking about the Text

2 questions
Q1Written answer

According to the author, split-second impressions form a ‘mental state, not an actual story, but one abounding in fertile associations and images’. Compare this with Virginia Woolf’s experiment with the stream of consciousness technique in ‘The Mark on the Wall’.

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Worked solution

Answer. Ingmar Bergman’s description of split-second impressions, which form a ‘mental state’ and not an actual story being a brightly coloured thread sticking out of the dark sack of unconsciousness, is very much similar to the technique of ‘Stream of consciousness’ employed by Virginia Woolf in her work, ‘The Mark on the Wall’.

In the story, ‘The Mark on the Wall’, a series of images form in Woolf’s mind as she hops, skips and jumps from one thought to the other through those images, trying to explain the reason behind a mark on the wall. The pictures do not form realistic stories but fantasies of her ideas, views and opinions, giving an insight into her mind, which is brought forth to the readers through them. With all these insights, Woolf traces back to the cause of the mark on the wall.

Similarly, in ‘Film-making’, Bergman talks about the split-second impressions that form the film’s theme. They do not create an actual story but help in forming a mental state with all the imaginative pictures that gradually develop into a full-fledged movie. Thus, in both cases, a series of images helps develop the big picture and, therefore, is quite similar to each other.

Q2Written answer

Bergman talks about the various influences in his life including his parents and his religious upbringing. To what extent are an individual’s achievements dependent on the kind of influences he or she has had in life? Discuss.

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Worked solution

Answer. An individual’s life is a mixture of the experiences and influences they have had throughout their lifetime. All the experiences a person faced in his past help shape an individual’s personality, which paves the way to his future achievements and successes.

Bergman portrays his childhood and religious upbringing that helped shape his interest in filmmaking. Similarly, how a person is brought up serves as a foundation for their future success. The way they handle those successes reflects their upbringing—both nature and education help build up an individual’s personality. Thoughts, feelings, and behaviour collected over time reflect a person’s personality. The learned behaviour that an individual acquires over time is a result of his life experiences. Thus, Bergman’s various life influences helped shape him to be the individual he is in the present day, and that is how someone’s personality is developed.