Chapter 3: Trigonometric Functions Miscellaneous Exercise

Ans: We know that $\text{cos x+cos y=2cos}\left( \dfrac{\text{x+y}}{\text{2}} \right)\text{cos}\left( \dfrac{\text{x-y}}{\text{2}} \right)$

Now L.H.S.$\text{=2cos}\dfrac{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{13}}\text{cos}\dfrac{\text{9 }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{13}}\text{+cos}\dfrac{\text{3 }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{13}}\text{+cos}\dfrac{\text{5 }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{13}}$

$\text{=2cos}\dfrac{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{3}}\text{cos}\dfrac{\text{9 }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{13}}\text{+2cos}\left( \dfrac{\dfrac{\text{3 }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{13}}\text{+}\dfrac{\text{5 }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{13}}}{\text{2}} \right)\text{cos}\left( \dfrac{\dfrac{\text{3 }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{13}}\text{-}\dfrac{\text{5 }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{13}}}{\text{2}} \right)$       (using the formula)

$\text{=2cos}\dfrac{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{13}}\text{cos}\dfrac{\text{9 }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{13}}\text{+2cos}\dfrac{\text{4 }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{13}}\text{cos}\left( \dfrac{\text{- }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{13}} \right)$

$\text{=2cos}\dfrac{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{13}}\text{cos}\dfrac{\text{9 }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{13}}\text{+2cos}\dfrac{\text{4 }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{13}}\text{cos}\left( \dfrac{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{13}} \right)$

Simplifying, 

$\text{L}\text{.H}\text{.S=2cos}\dfrac{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{13}}\left[ \text{cos}\dfrac{\text{9 }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{13}}\text{+cos}\dfrac{\text{4 }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{13}} \right]$

$\text{=2cos}\dfrac{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{13}}\left[ \text{2cos}\left( \dfrac{\dfrac{\text{9 }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{13}}\text{+}\dfrac{\text{4 }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{13}}}{\text{2}} \right)\text{cos}\dfrac{\dfrac{\text{9 }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{13}}\text{-}\dfrac{\text{4 }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{13}}}{\text{2}} \right]$

$\text{=2cos}\dfrac{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{13}}\left[ \text{2cos}\dfrac{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{2}}\text{cos}\dfrac{\text{5 }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{26}} \right]$

Substituting $\text{cos}\dfrac{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{2}}\text{=0}$ , we get,

$\text{L}\text{.H}\text{.S=2cos}\dfrac{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{13}}\text{ }\!\!\times\!\!\text{ 2 }\!\!\times\!\!\text{ 0 }\!\!\times\!\!\text{ cos}\dfrac{\text{5 }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{26}}$ 

$\text{=0}$

$=\text{R}\text{.H}\text{.S}$

Hence proved.

Ans: We know that, $\text{sin x+sin y=2sin}\left( \dfrac{\text{x+y}}{\text{2}} \right)\text{cos}\left( \dfrac{\text{x-y}}{\text{2}} \right)$ 

And  $\text{cos x-cos y=-2sin}\left( \dfrac{\text{x+y}}{\text{2}} \right)\text{sin}\left( \dfrac{\text{x-y}}{\text{2}} \right)$ 

Now, 

L.H.S.$\text{=}\left( \text{sin 3x+sin x} \right)\text{sin x+}\left( \text{cos 3x-cos x} \right)\text{cos x}$

$\text{=sin 3x sin x+si}{{\text{n}}^{\text{2}}}\text{x+cos 3x cos x-co}{{\text{s}}^{\text{2}}}\text{x}$    (using the formula)

$\text{=cos 3x cos x+sin 3x sin x-}\left( \text{co}{{\text{s}}^{\text{2}}}\text{x-si}{{\text{n}}^{\text{2}}}\text{x} \right)$

Simplifying  we get,       

$\text{L}\text{.H}\text{.S=cos}\left( \text{3x-x} \right)\text{-cos 2x}\,$

$\text{=cos 2x-cos 2x}$

$\text{=0}$

$=\text{R}\text{.H}\text{.S}\text{.}$

Ans: We know that, $\text{cos}\left( \text{x+y} \right)\text{=cos x cos y-sin xsin y}$

and  L.H.S$\text{=}{{\left( \text{cos x+cos y} \right)}^{\text{2}}}\text{+}{{\left( \text{sin x-sin y} \right)}^{\text{2}}}$

                  \begin{align} & \text{=co}{{\text{s}}^{\text{2}}}\text{x+co}{{\text{s}}^{\text{2}}}\text{y+2cos x cos y+si}{{\text{n}}^{\text{2}}}\text{x+si}{{\text{n}}^{\text{2}}}\text{y-2sin x sin y} \\ &  \\ \end{align}

$\text{=}\left( \text{co}{{\text{s}}^{\text{2}}}\text{x+si}{{\text{n}}^{\text{2}}}\text{x} \right)\text{+}\left( \text{co}{{\text{s}}^{\text{2}}}\text{y+si}{{\text{n}}^{\text{2}}}\text{y} \right)\text{+2}\left( \text{cos x cos y-sin x sin y} \right)$

Simplifying and using the formula,

L.H.S$\text{=1+1+2cos}\left( \text{x+y} \right)$ 

$\text{=2}\left[ \text{1+cos}\left( \text{x+y} \right) \right]$ 

$\text{=2}\left[ \text{1+2co}{{\text{s}}^{\text{2}}}\dfrac{\left( \text{x+y} \right)}{\text{2}}\text{-1} \right]$ 

since $\text{2co}{{\text{s}}^{\text{2}}}\dfrac{\left( \text{x+y} \right)}{\text{2}}\text{-1=cos}\left( \text{x+y} \right)$

$\text{=4co}{{\text{s}}^{\text{2}}}\left( \text{x+y} \right)$ 

Therefore  L.H.S$=$ R.H.S

Hence proved.

Ans: We know that, $\text{cos}\left( \text{x-y} \right)\text{=cos x cos y+sin x sin y}$ 

L.H.S.$\text{=}{{\left( \text{cos x-cos y} \right)}^{\text{2}}}\text{+}{{\left( \text{sin x-sin y} \right)}^{\text{2}}}$

$\text{=co}{{\text{s}}^{\text{2}}}\text{x+co}{{\text{s}}^{\text{2}}}\text{y-2cos x cos y+si}{{\text{n}}^{\text{2}}}\text{x+si}{{\text{n}}^{\text{2}}}\text{y-2sin x sin y}$

\[\text{=}\left( \text{co}{{\text{s}}^{\text{2}}}\text{x+si}{{\text{n}}^{\text{2}}}\text{x} \right)\text{+}\left( \text{co}{{\text{s}}^{\text{2}}}\text{y+si}{{\text{n}}^{\text{2}}}\text{y} \right)\text{-2}\left[ \text{cos x cos y+sin x sin y} \right]\]

Simplifying and using the formula  we get,

L.H.S $\text{=1+1-2}\left[ \text{cos}\left( \text{x-y} \right) \right]\,\,$

$\text{=2}\left[ \text{1-cos}\left( \text{x-y} \right) \right]$

$\text{=2}\left[ \text{1-}\left\{ \text{1-2si}{{\text{n}}^{\text{2}}}\left( \dfrac{\text{x-y}}{\text{2}} \right) \right\} \right]\,$ 

since  $\text{1-2si}{{\text{n}}^{\text{2}}}\dfrac{\left( \text{x-y} \right)}{\text{2}}\text{=cos}\left( \text{x-y} \right)$

$\text{=4si}{{\text{n}}^{\text{2}}}\left( \dfrac{\text{x-y}}{\text{2}} \right)$ 

Therefore  L.H.S$=$ R.H.S

Hence proved.

Ans: We  know  that $\text{sin A+sin B=2sin}\left( \dfrac{\text{A+B}}{\text{2}} \right)\text{.cos}\left( \dfrac{\text{A-B}}{\text{2}} \right)$

$\text{L}\text{.H}\text{.S}\text{. =sin x+sin 3x+sin 5x+sin 7x}$

\[\text{=}\left( \text{sin x+sin 5x} \right)\text{+}\left( \text{sin 3x+sin 7x} \right)\]      

Using the formula and simplifying,

$\text{=2sin}\left( \dfrac{\text{x+5x}}{\text{2}} \right)\text{.cos}\left( \dfrac{\text{x-5x}}{\text{2}} \right)\text{+2sin}\left( \dfrac{\text{3x+7x}}{\text{2}} \right)\text{cos}\left( \dfrac{\text{3x-7x}}{\text{2}} \right)$       

\[\text{=2cos 2x}\left[ \text{sin 3x+sin 5x} \right]\]

\[\text{=2cos 2x}\left[ \text{2sin}\left( \dfrac{\text{3x+5x}}{\text{2}} \right)\text{.cos}\left( \dfrac{\text{3x-5x}}{\text{2}} \right) \right]\] 

\[\text{=2cos 2x}\left[ \text{2sin 4x}\text{.cos}\left( \text{-x} \right) \right]\] 

Therefore we have,

\[\text{L}\text{.H}\text{.S=4cos 2x sin 4x cos x}\] 

\[=\text{R}\text{.H}\text{.S}\]

Ans: We know that,

$\text{sinA+sinB=2sin}\left( \dfrac{\text{A+B}}{\text{2}} \right)\text{.cos}\left( \dfrac{\text{A-B}}{\text{2}} \right)$

And $\text{cos A+cos B=2cos}\left( \dfrac{\text{A+B}}{\text{2}} \right)\text{.cos}\left( \dfrac{\text{A-B}}{\text{2}} \right)$

$\text{L}\text{.H}\text{.S}\text{. =}\dfrac{\left( \text{sin 7x+sin 5x} \right)\text{+}\left( \text{sin9x+sin3x} \right)}{\left( \text{cos 7x+cos 5x} \right)\text{+}\left( \text{cos9x+cos3x} \right)}$

Using the formula and simplifying,

$\text{=}\dfrac{\left[ \text{2sin}\left( \dfrac{\text{7x+5x}}{\text{2}} \right)\text{.cos}\left( \dfrac{\text{7x-5x}}{\text{2}} \right) \right]\text{+}\left[ \text{2sin}\left( \dfrac{\text{9x+3x}}{\text{2}} \right)\text{.cos}\left( \dfrac{\text{9x-3x}}{\text{2}} \right) \right]}{\left[ \text{2cos}\left( \dfrac{\text{7x+5x}}{\text{2}} \right)\text{.cos}\left( \dfrac{\text{7x-5x}}{\text{2}} \right) \right]\text{+}\left[ \text{2cos}\left( \dfrac{\text{9x+3x}}{\text{2}} \right)\text{.cos}\left( \dfrac{\text{9x-3x}}{\text{2}} \right) \right]}$

$\text{=}\dfrac{\left[ \text{2sin 6x}\text{.cos x} \right]\text{+}\left[ \text{2sin 6x}\text{.cos 3x} \right]}{\left[ \text{2cos 6x}\text{.cos x} \right]\text{+}\left[ \text{2cos 6x}\text{.cos 6x} \right]}$

$\text{=}\dfrac{\text{2sin 6x}\left[ \text{cos x+cos 3x} \right]}{\text{2cos 6x}\left[ \text{cos x+cos 3x} \right]}$

$\text{=tan 6x}$

Therefore L.H.S$=$ R.H.S

Hence proved.

Ans: We know that,

$\text{sin A+sin B=2sin}\left( \dfrac{\text{A+B}}{\text{2}} \right)\text{.cos}\left( \dfrac{\text{A-B}}{\text{2}} \right)$

And  $\text{sin A-sin B=2sin}\left( \dfrac{\text{A-B}}{\text{2}} \right)\text{.cos}\left( \dfrac{\text{A+B}}{\text{2}} \right)$ 

$\text{L}\text{.H}\text{.S}\text{.=sin3x+sin2x-sinx}$

$\text{=sin 3x+}\left[ \text{2cos}\left( \dfrac{\text{2x+x}}{\text{2}} \right)\text{sin}\left( \dfrac{\text{2x-x}}{\text{2}} \right) \right]\,$

$\text{=sin 3x+}\left[ \text{2cos}\left( \dfrac{\text{3x}}{\text{2}} \right)\text{sin}\left( \dfrac{\text{x}}{\text{2}} \right) \right]$

Since we know that, $\text{sin 2x=2sin xcos x}$ 

$\text{L}\text{.H}\text{.S=2sin}\dfrac{\text{3x}}{\text{2}}\text{.cos}\dfrac{\text{3x}}{\text{2}}\text{+2cos}\dfrac{\text{3x}}{\text{2}}\text{sin}\dfrac{\text{x}}{\text{2}}\,\,\,\,\,\,$

$\text{=2cos}\left( \dfrac{\text{3x}}{\text{2}} \right)\left[ \text{sin}\left( \dfrac{\text{3x}}{\text{2}} \right)\text{+sin}\left( \dfrac{\text{x}}{\text{2}} \right) \right]$

\[\text{=2cos}\left( \dfrac{\text{3x}}{\text{2}} \right)\left[ \text{2sin}\left\{ \dfrac{\left( \dfrac{\text{3x}}{\text{2}} \right)\text{+}\left( \dfrac{\text{x}}{\text{2}} \right)}{\text{2}} \right\}\text{cos}\left\{ \dfrac{\left( \dfrac{\text{3x}}{\text{2}} \right)\text{-}\left( \dfrac{\text{x}}{\text{2}} \right)}{\text{2}} \right\} \right]\]

$\text{=2cos}\left( \dfrac{\text{3x}}{\text{2}} \right)\text{.2sin xcos}\left( \dfrac{\text{x}}{\text{2}} \right)$

Therefore 

 $\text{L}\text{.H}\text{.S=4sin xcos}\left( \dfrac{\text{x}}{\text{2}} \right)\text{cos}\left( \dfrac{\text{3x}}{\text{2}} \right)$

$\text{=R}\text{.H}\text{.S}$ 

Ans: Here, $\text{x}$ is in 2nd quadrant.

Therefore,

$\text{ }\dfrac{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{2}}\text{x }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }$

i.e,  $\dfrac{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{4}}<\dfrac{\text{x}}{\text{2}}<\dfrac{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{2}}$

hence $\dfrac{\text{x}}{\text{2}}$ lies in 1st quadrant.

Therefore, \[\text{sin}\dfrac{\text{x}}{\text{2}}\text{,cos}\dfrac{\text{x}}{\text{2}}\,\,\,\] and $\text{tan}\dfrac{\text{x}}{\text{2}}$ are positive.

Given that $\text{tan x=-}\dfrac{\text{4}}{\text{3}}$

We know that, $\text{se}{{\text{c}}^{\text{2}}}\text{x=1+ta}{{\text{n}}^{\text{2}}}\text{x}$

$\text{se}{{\text{c}}^{\text{2}}}\text{x=1+ta}{{\text{n}}^{\text{2}}}\text{x}$

$\text{=1+}{{\left( \text{-}\dfrac{\text{4}}{\text{3}} \right)}^{\text{2}}}$ 

\[\text{=}\dfrac{\text{25}}{\text{9}}\]

As \[\text{x}\] is in 2nd quadrant, $\text{sec x}$ is negative.

Therefore , $\text{secx=-}\dfrac{\text{5}}{\text{3}}$ 

Then $\text{cos x=-}\dfrac{\text{3}}{\text{5}}$ 

Now we know that, $\text{2co}{{\text{s}}^{\text{2}}}\dfrac{\text{x}}{\text{2}}\text{=cos x+1}$ 

Computing we get, $\text{2co}{{\text{s}}^{\text{2}}}\dfrac{\text{x}}{\text{2}}\text{=}\dfrac{\text{2}}{\text{5}}$ 

Hence \[\text{cos}\dfrac{\text{x}}{\text{2}}\text{=}\dfrac{\text{1}}{\sqrt{\text{5}}}\] 

Now we know that, $\text{si}{{\text{n}}^{\text{2}}}\text{x+co}{{\text{s}}^{\text{2}}}\text{x=1}$ 

Therefore substituting $\text{cos}\dfrac{\text{x}}{\text{2}}\text{=}\dfrac{\text{1}}{\sqrt{\text{5}}}$ and computing ,

$\text{sin}\dfrac{\text{x}}{\text{2}}\text{=}\dfrac{\text{2}}{\sqrt{\text{5}}}$ 

Hence,

$\text{tan}\dfrac{\text{x}}{\text{2}}\text{=}\dfrac{\text{sin}\dfrac{\text{x}}{\text{2}}}{\text{cos}\dfrac{\text{x}}{\text{2}}}$ 

$=2$ 

Thus, the respective values of$\text{sin}\dfrac{\text{x}}{\text{2}}\text{,cos}\dfrac{\text{x}}{\text{2}}\,\text{,tan}\dfrac{\text{x}}{\text{2}}\,$

are $\,\dfrac{2\sqrt{5}}{5},\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{5},\,\,2$ .

Ans: Here, $\text{x}$ is in 3rd quadrant.

Therefore,

$\text{  }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ x}\dfrac{\text{3 }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{2}}$

i.e,  $\dfrac{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{2}}\text{}\dfrac{\text{x}}{\text{2}}\text{}\dfrac{\text{3 }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{4}}$

hence $\dfrac{\text{x}}{\text{2}}$ lies in 2nd quadrant.

Therefore, $\text{cos}\dfrac{\text{x}}{\text{2}}\,\,\,$ and $\text{tan}\dfrac{\text{x}}{\text{2}}$ are negative and $\text{sin}\dfrac{\text{x}}{\text{2}}$ is positive.

 Given that $\text{cos x=-}\dfrac{1}{\text{3}}$

Now we know that, $\text{2co}{{\text{s}}^{\text{2}}}\dfrac{\text{x}}{\text{2}}\text{=cosx+1}$ 

Computing we get, $\text{2co}{{\text{s}}^{\text{2}}}\dfrac{\text{x}}{\text{2}}\text{=}\dfrac{\text{2}}{\text{3}}$ 

Hence $\text{cos}\dfrac{\text{x}}{\text{2}}\text{=-}\dfrac{\text{1}}{\sqrt{\text{3}}}$ 

Now we know that, $\text{si}{{\text{n}}^{\text{2}}}\text{x+co}{{\text{s}}^{\text{2}}}\text{x=1}$ 

Therefore substituting $\text{cos}\dfrac{\text{x}}{\text{2}}\text{=-}\dfrac{\text{1}}{\sqrt{\text{3}}}$ and computing ,

$\text{sin}\dfrac{\text{x}}{\text{2}}\text{=}\sqrt{\dfrac{\text{2}}{\text{3}}}$ 

Hence,

$\text{tan}\dfrac{\text{x}}{\text{2}}\text{=}\dfrac{\text{sin}\dfrac{\text{x}}{\text{2}}}{\text{cos}\dfrac{\text{x}}{\text{2}}}$ 

$\text{=-}\sqrt{\text{2}}$ 

Thus, the respective values of $\text{sin}\dfrac{\text{x}}{\text{2}}\text{,cos}\dfrac{\text{x}}{\text{2}}\,\text{,tan}\dfrac{\text{x}}{\text{2}}\,$

are  $\,\sqrt{\dfrac{\text{2}}{\text{3}}}\text{,-}\dfrac{\text{1}}{\sqrt{\text{3}}}\text{,}\,\text{-}\,\sqrt{\text{2}}$.

Ans: Here, $\text{x}$ lies in 2nd quadrant.

Therefore,

$\text{ }\dfrac{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{2}}\text{x }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }$

i.e,  $\dfrac{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{4}}<\dfrac{\text{x}}{\text{2}}<\dfrac{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{2}}$

hence  $\dfrac{\text{x}}{\text{2}}$ lies in 1st quadrant.

Therefore, $\text{sin}\dfrac{\text{x}}{\text{2}}\text{,cos}\dfrac{\text{x}}{\text{2}}\,\,\,$ and $\text{tan}\dfrac{\text{x}}{\text{2}}$ are positive.

 Given that $\text{sin x=}\dfrac{\text{1}}{\text{4}}$

Now we know that, $\text{si}{{\text{n}}^{\text{2}}}\text{x+co}{{\text{s}}^{\text{2}}}\text{x=1}$ 

Therefore substituting $\text{sin x=}\dfrac{\text{1}}{\text{4}}$ and computing ,

$\text{cos x=-}\dfrac{\sqrt{\text{15}}}{\text{4}}$ 

since $\text{x}$ lies in 2nd quadrant,  $\text{cos x}$ is negative.

Now we know that, $\text{2si}{{\text{n}}^{\text{2}}}\dfrac{\text{x}}{\text{2}}\text{=1-cos x}$ 

Computing we get, $\text{2si}{{\text{n}}^{\text{2}}}\dfrac{\text{x}}{\text{2}}\text{=1+}\dfrac{\sqrt{\text{15}}}{\text{4}}$ 

Hence $\text{sin}\dfrac{\text{x}}{\text{2}}\text{=}\sqrt{\dfrac{\text{4+}\sqrt{\text{15}}}{\text{8}}}$ 

Now we know that, $\text{si}{{\text{n}}^{\text{2}}}\text{x+co}{{\text{s}}^{\text{2}}}\text{x=1}$ 

Therefore substituting $\text{sin}\dfrac{\text{x}}{\text{2}}\text{=}\sqrt{\dfrac{\text{4+}\sqrt{\text{15}}}{\text{8}}}$ and computing ,

$\text{cos}\dfrac{\text{x}}{\text{2}}\text{=}\sqrt{\dfrac{\text{4-}\sqrt{\text{15}}}{\text{8}}}$ 

Hence ,

$\text{tan}\dfrac{\text{x}}{\text{2}}\text{=}\dfrac{\text{sin}\dfrac{\text{x}}{\text{2}}}{\text{cos}\dfrac{\text{x}}{\text{2}}}$ 

$\text{=}\dfrac{\sqrt{\text{4+}\sqrt{\text{15}}}}{\sqrt{\text{4-}\sqrt{\text{15}}}}$ 

\[\text{=4+}\sqrt{\text{15}}\] 

Thus, the respective values of $\text{sin}\dfrac{\text{x}}{\text{2}}\text{,cos}\dfrac{\text{x}}{\text{2}}\,\text{,tan}\dfrac{\text{x}}{\text{2}}\,$

are  $\sqrt{\dfrac{\text{4+}\sqrt{\text{15}}}{\text{8}}}\text{,}\sqrt{\dfrac{\text{4-}\sqrt{\text{15}}}{\text{8}}}\text{,4+}\sqrt{\text{15}}$ .