Chapter 3: Trigonometric Functions Exercise 3.3

Ans: Substituting the values of  $\text{sin}\dfrac{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{6}}\text{,cos}\dfrac{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{6}}\text{,tan}\dfrac{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{4}}$ on left hand side,

$\text{si}{{\text{n}}^{\text{2}}}\dfrac{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{6}}\text{+co}{{\text{s}}^{\text{2}}}\dfrac{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{3}}\text{-ta}{{\text{n}}^{\text{2}}}\dfrac{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{4}}\text{=}{{\left( \dfrac{\text{1}}{\text{2}} \right)}^{\text{2}}}\text{+}{{\left( \dfrac{\text{1}}{\text{2}} \right)}^{\text{2}}}\text{-}{{\left( \text{1} \right)}^{\text{2}}}$

$\text{=}\dfrac{\text{1}}{\text{4}}\text{+}\dfrac{\text{1}}{\text{4}}\text{-1}$

$=-\dfrac{1}{2}$

$=$ R.H.S.

Hence proved.

Ans:

Substituting the values of  $\text{sin}\dfrac{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{6}}\text{,cosec}\dfrac{\text{7 }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{6}}\text{,cos}\dfrac{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{3}}$ on left hand side,

L.H.S.$\text{=2si}{{\text{n}}^{\text{2}}}\dfrac{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{6}}\text{+cose}{{\text{c}}^{\text{2}}}\dfrac{\text{7 }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{6}}\text{co}{{\text{s}}^{\text{2}}}\dfrac{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{3}}$

$\text{=2}{{\left( \dfrac{\text{1}}{\text{2}} \right)}^{\text{2}}}\text{+cose}{{\text{c}}^{\text{2}}}\left( \text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ +}\dfrac{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{6}} \right){{\left( \dfrac{\text{1}}{\text{2}} \right)}^{\text{2}}}$

$\text{=2 }\!\!\times\!\!\text{ }\dfrac{\text{1}}{\text{4}}\text{+}{{\left( \text{-cosec}\dfrac{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{6}} \right)}^{\text{2}}}\left( \dfrac{\text{1}}{\text{4}} \right)$

$\text{=}\dfrac{\text{1}}{\text{2}}\text{+}{{\left( \text{-2} \right)}^{\text{2}}}\left( \dfrac{\text{1}}{\text{4}} \right)$

Since $\text{cosec x}$ repeat its value after an interval of $\text{2 }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }$ , 

we have, $\text{cosec}\dfrac{\text{7 }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{6}}\text{=-cosec}\dfrac{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{6}}$  

L.H.S  $=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{4}{4}$

$=\dfrac{3}{2}$ 

$=$ R.H.S.

Hence proved.

Ans:

Substituting the values of  $\text{cot}\dfrac{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{6}}\text{,cosec}\dfrac{\text{5 }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{6}}\text{,tan}\dfrac{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{6}}$ on left hand side,

L.H.S.$\text{=co}{{\text{t}}^{\text{2}}}\dfrac{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{6}}\text{+cosec}\dfrac{\text{5 }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{6}}\text{+3ta}{{\text{n}}^{\text{2}}}\dfrac{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{6}}$

$\text{=}{{\left( \sqrt{\text{3}} \right)}^{\text{2}}}\text{+cosec}\left( \text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ -}\dfrac{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{6}} \right)\text{+3}{{\left( \dfrac{\text{1}}{\sqrt{\text{3}}} \right)}^{\text{2}}}$

$\text{=3+cosec}\dfrac{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{6}}\text{+3 }\!\!\times\!\!\text{ }\dfrac{\text{1}}{\text{3}}$

Since $\text{cosec x}$ repeat its value after an interval of $\text{2 }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }$ , 

we have, $\text{cosec}\dfrac{\text{5 }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{6}}\text{=cosec}\dfrac{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{6}}$  

L.H.S $=3+2+1$ 

$=1$ 

$=$ R.H.S.

Hence proved.

Ans:

Substituting the values of  $\text{sin}\dfrac{\text{3 }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{4}}\text{,cos}\dfrac{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{4}}\text{,sec}\dfrac{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{3}}$ on left hand side,

L.H.S.$\text{=2si}{{\text{n}}^{\text{2}}}\dfrac{\text{3 }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{4}}\text{+2co}{{\text{s}}^{\text{2}}}\dfrac{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{4}}\text{+2se}{{\text{c}}^{\text{2}}}\dfrac{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{3}}$

$\text{=2}{{\left\{ \text{sin}\left( \text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ -}\dfrac{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{4}} \right) \right\}}^{\text{2}}}\text{+2}{{\left( \dfrac{\text{1}}{\sqrt{\text{2}}} \right)}^{\text{2}}}\text{+2}{{\left( \text{2} \right)}^{\text{2}}}$

$\text{=2}{{\left\{ \text{sin}\dfrac{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{4}} \right\}}^{\text{2}}}\text{+2 }\!\!\times\!\!\text{ }\dfrac{\text{1}}{\text{2}}\text{+8}$

Since $\text{sin x}$ repeats its value after an interval of $\text{2 }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }$ , 

we have, $\text{sin}\dfrac{\text{3 }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{4}}\text{=sin}\dfrac{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{4}}$  

 L.H.S  $=1+1+8$ 

$=10$

$=$ R.H.S.

Hence proved.

Ans: We have,

Sin 75°= Sin ( 45°+ 30° )

Sin 75°= Sin 45° Cos 30° + Cos 45° Sin 30° 

Since we know that, $\text{sin}\left( \text{x+y} \right)\text{=sin x cos y+cos x sin y}$ 

Therefore we have,

$Sin 75^o = \dfrac{1}{\sqrt 2}\times \dfrac{\sqrt 3}{2}\times+ \dfrac{1}{\sqrt 2}\times\dfrac{1}{2}$

$Sin 75^o = \dfrac{{\sqrt 3}+1}{2\sqrt 2}$

Ans: We have,

tan 15°= tan ( 45°- 30° )

= $\dfrac{( tan 45°- tan 30° )}{1+( tan 45° tan 30° )}$

Since we know, $\text{tan}\left( \text{x-y} \right)\text{=}\dfrac{\text{tan x-tan y}}{\text{1+tan x tan y}}$

Therefore we have,

$tan 15°=\dfrac{\text{1-}\dfrac{\text{1}}{\sqrt{\text{3}}}}{\text{1+1}\left( \dfrac{\text{1}}{\sqrt{\text{3}}} \right)}$

$\text{=}\dfrac{\dfrac{\sqrt{\text{3}}\text{-1}}{\sqrt{\text{3}}}}{\dfrac{\sqrt{\text{3}}\text{+1}}{\sqrt{\text{3}}}}$

$\text{=}\dfrac{\sqrt{\text{3}}\text{-1}}{\sqrt{\text{3}}\text{+1}}$

$\text{=}\dfrac{{{\left( \sqrt{\text{3}}\text{-1} \right)}^{\text{2}}}}{\left( \sqrt{\text{3}}\text{+1} \right)\left( \sqrt{\text{3}}\text{-1} \right)}$ 

Further computing we have,

$\text{tan1}{{\text{5}}^{\text{o}}}\text{=}\dfrac{\text{3+1-2}\sqrt{\text{3}}}{{{\left( \sqrt{\text{3}} \right)}^{\text{2}}}\text{-}{{\left( \text{1} \right)}^{\text{2}}}}$ 

$\text{=}\dfrac{\text{4-2}\sqrt{\text{3}}}{\text{3-1}}$

$\text{=2-}\sqrt{\text{3}}$

Ans: We know that, $\text{cos}\left( \text{x+y} \right)\text{=cos xcos y-sin xsin y}$ 

$\text{cos}\left( \dfrac{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{4}}\text{-x} \right)\text{cos}\left( \dfrac{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{4}}\text{-y} \right)\text{-sin}\left( \dfrac{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{4}}\text{-x} \right)\text{sin}\left( \dfrac{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{4}}\text{-y} \right)\text{=cos}\left[ \dfrac{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{4}}\text{-x+}\dfrac{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{4}}\text{-y} \right]$

$\text{=cos}\left[ \dfrac{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{2}}\text{-}\left( \text{x+y} \right) \right]$

$\text{=sin}\left( \text{x+y} \right)$ 

L.H.S  $=$ R.H.S.

Hence  proved.

Ans:

We  know that ,$\text{tan}\left( \text{A+B} \right)\text{=}\dfrac{\text{tan A+tan B}}{\text{1-tan Atan B}}$

and $\text{tan}\left( \text{A-B} \right)\text{=}\dfrac{\text{tan A-tan B}}{\text{1+tan Atan B}}$

L.H.S.$\text{=}\dfrac{\text{tan}\left( \dfrac{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{4}}\text{+x} \right)}{\text{tan}\left( \dfrac{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{4}}\text{-x} \right)}$

Using the above formula,

$\text{L}\text{.H}\text{.S=}\dfrac{\left( \dfrac{\text{tan}\dfrac{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{4}}\text{+tanx}}{\text{1-tan}\dfrac{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{4}}\text{tanx}} \right)}{\dfrac{\text{tan}\dfrac{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{4}}\text{-tanx}}{\text{1+tan}\dfrac{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{4}}\text{tanx}}}$

$\text{=}\dfrac{\left( \dfrac{\text{1+tan x}}{\text{1-tan x}} \right)}{\left( \dfrac{\text{1-tan x}}{\text{1+tan x}} \right)}$      

Substituting $\text{tan}\dfrac{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{4}}\text{=1}$

$\text{=}{{\left( \dfrac{\text{1+tan x}}{\text{1-tan x}} \right)}^{\text{2}}}$

= R.H.S.

Hence proved.

Ans: Observe that $\text{cos x}$ repeats the same value after an interval $\text{2 }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }$ and $\text{sin x}$ repeat the same value after an interval  $\text{2 }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }$.

L.H.S. $\text{=}\dfrac{\text{cos}\left( \text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ +x} \right)\text{cos}\left( \text{-x} \right)}{\text{sin}\left( \text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ -x} \right)\text{cos}\left( \dfrac{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}{\text{2}}\text{+x} \right)}$

$\text{=}\dfrac{\left[ \text{-cos x} \right]\left[ \text{cos x} \right]}{\left( \text{sin x} \right)\left( \text{-sin x} \right)}$

$\text{=}\dfrac{\text{-co}{{\text{s}}^{\text{2}}}\text{x}}{\text{-si}{{\text{n}}^{\text{2}}}\text{x}}$

$\text{=co}{{\text{t}}^{\text{2}}}\text{x}$

Hence proved.

Ans:

We know that $\text{cot x}$  repeats the same value after an interval $2\pi $ .

L.H.S $=Cos\left( \dfrac{3\pi }{2}+x \right)Cos\left( 2\pi +x \right)\left[ cot\left( \dfrac{3\pi }{2}-x \right)+cot\left( 2\pi +x \right) \right]$

$\text{=sin x cos x}\left[ \text{tan x+cot x} \right]$

Substituting $\text{tan x=}\dfrac{\text{sin x}}{\text{cos x}}$ and

$\text{cot x=}\dfrac{\text{cos x}}{\text{sin x}}$ ,

$\text{L}\text{.H}\text{.S=sin xcos x}\left( \dfrac{\text{sin x}}{\text{cos x}}\text{+}\dfrac{\text{cos x}}{\text{sin x}} \right)$

$\text{=}\left( \text{sin x cos x} \right)\left[ \dfrac{\text{si}{{\text{n}}^{\text{2}}}\text{x+co}{{\text{s}}^{\text{2}}}\text{x}}{\text{sin x cos x}} \right]$

$\text{=1}$ 

$\text{=}$ R.H.S.

Hence proved.

Ans:

We know that , $\text{cos}\left( \text{x-y} \right)\text{=cosxcosy+sinxsiny}$ 

L.H.S.$\text{=sin}\left( \text{n+1} \right)\text{xsin}\left( \text{n+2} \right)\text{x+cos (n+1)x cos (n+2)x}$

$\text{=cos}\left[ \left( \text{n+1} \right)\text{x-}\left( \text{n+2} \right)\text{x} \right]$ 

$\text{=cos}\left( \text{-x} \right)$ 

$\text{=cosx}$ 

=  R.H.S