Chapter 7: How Do Organisms Reproduce?

Pollination is defined as the process of transfer of pollens from anther to stigma. The process takes place with the help of pollinators like air, water and some insects.

Fertilization is defined as the fusion of male and female gametes. It takes place in the ovule and leads to the formation of zygote.

Lubrication of sperms and providing of a fluid medium for the easy transportation of sperms takes place with the help of secretions from the seminal vesicles and the prostate gland. These secretions also provide nutrients in the form of fructose, calcium and some enzymes.

Following are the changes seen in girls at the time of puberty:

• Hair growth appears in genital area.
• Hair growth in other areas like underarms, face, hands and legs.
• The size of uterus and ovary increases.
• The size of the breast increases followed by darkening of the nipple skin that is present at the tip of the breast.
• Beginning of menstrual cycle.
• Appearance of pimples, as there is more oil secretion from the skin.

The lining of the uterus thickens after fertilization. The blood flow is good so as to nourish the growing embryo. Placenta is a special tissue which is embedded in the uterine wall and helps the embryo get the nourishment from the mother’s tissue. Placenta has villi on the embryo side and blood space on the mother’s side. This spacing provides a large area between the mother and the embryo and also for waste removal.

No, the usage of copper-T cannot stop the contact of body fluids. Hence, it cannot protect her from getting sexually transmitted diseases.