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Practice each question, then open the answer or worked solution.
What is the commonality between the antibiotic arsphenamine and azodye?
The type of linkage possessed by the antibiotic arsphenamine is similar to that of azodye. antibiotic arsphenamine posses –As=As- linkage which is similar to –N=N- linkage in azodye.
Which class of drugs is used in sleeping pills?
It contains tranquillizers as a drug which is designed for the treatment of fear, anxiety and mental distractions.
Aspirin is a pain-relieving antipyretic drug but can be used to prevent heart attacks. Explain.
Aspirin prevents blood clotting in the heart as it has anti-blood-clotting action. This action helps in preventing heart attacks.
Both antacids and antiallergic drugs are antihistamines, but they cannot replace each other. Explain why?
Antacids are used for the treatment of acid in the stomach, and antihistamines inhibit the action of histamine in the body. Both antacids and antiallergic drugs work on different receptors in the body, and hence they cannot replace each other.
What is a soft soap?
They are easily soluble and contain potassium salts of fatty acids as a major component.
If the soap has high alkali content, it irritates the skin. How can the amount of excess alkali be determined? What can be the source of excess alkali?
Excess of alkali can be found using acid-base titration.
The alkali that is formed during the hydrolyses of oil during soap preparation may be a cause of excess alkali in the soap.
Explain why some times foaming is seen in river water near the place where sewage water is poured after treatment?
The foam is due to the non-biodegradable detergents which are present in water after sewage treatment. A detergent is a water-soluble cleansing agent which combines with impurities and dirt to make them more soluble.
Which category of synthetic detergents is used in toothpaste?
Anionic detergents are used in toothpaste to clean teeth and form suitable foam. Eg: sodium or ammonium lauryl sulphate
Hair shampoos belong to which class of synthetic detergent?
Cationic detergents are used in hair shampoos. eg: cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. Cationic detergents are quarternary ammonium salts of acetates, chlorides or bromides.
Dishwashing soaps are synthetic detergents. What is their chemical nature?
Detergents are synthetic detergents which contain non-ionic detergents that have cleansing properties. They combine with dirt and impurities and make them soluble.