Chapter 11: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

Option (ii) and (iii) are the answers.

III. Short Answer Type

Structure of Glycerol

IUPAC name: Propane-1,2,3-triol

(A) IUPAC name of the compound is 3-Ethyl-5-methyl hexane-2,4-diol.

(B) IUPAC name of the compound is1-Methoxy-3-nitrocyclohexane.

The IUPAC name of the compound is 3-Methylpent-2-ene-1,2-diol.

The factors responsible for the solubility of alcohols in water are:

I) Hydrogen bonds

II) Size of the alkyl or aryl groups

III) The molecular mass of the Alcohols.

Alcohols that are used for drinking are made unfit for human consumption by mixing alcohol with some copper sulfate and pyridine, which gives the colour and a foul smell to the liquid, respectively. This is called denatured alcohol.

The chemical reaction above shows the oxidation of secondary alcohol into a ketone. This can be easily achieved by using oxidizing agents like chromic anhydride (CrO3), Pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC), etc.

2-chloroethanol is more acidic because of the presence of chlorine which is an electron-withdrawing group. This results in a negative inductive effect, and thus, the electron density in the –O-H bond decreases. It stabilizes the alkoxide ion, and therefore, 2-chloroethanol can easily release a proton.

PCC or Pyridinium chlorochromate can be used as reagents. The above conversion shows the oxidation of primary alcohol to an aldehyde.

Acidified KMnO4 can be used as a reagent for the above conversion. The above conversion shows the oxidation of primary alcohol to a carboxylic acid.