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Practice each question, then open the answer or worked solution.
In an association of two animal species, one is a termite which feeds on wood and the other is a protozoan Trichonympha present in the gut of the termite. What type of association do they establish?
The association in which one is termite and the other is Trichonympha is a type of mutualism relation that is both the interacting species are benefitted.
Lianas are vascular plants rooted in the ground and maintain the erectness of their stem by making use of other trees for support. They do not maintain a direct relationship with those trees. Discuss the type of association the lianas have with the trees.
The association in which one is Lianas and the other is trees are commensalism one species is benefitted, and the other is neither benefitted nor harmed The Lianas plant has a long flexible stem, it gets the support of the tree without affecting harming or providing any benefit to the tree.
Give the scientific names of any two microorganisms inhabiting the human intestine.
The scientific names of two microorganisms inhabiting the human intestine are Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus.
What is a tree line?
Treeline is an altitude beyond which no tree is seen, and beyond the tree line, only shrubs and herbs are found.
Define ‘zero population growth rate’. Draw an age pyramid for the same.
Zero Population growth rate is a condition wherein the population neither grows nor declines.
List any four characters that are employed in the human population census.
Natality and mortality
Sex ratio
Population density
Age distribution
Give one example for each of the following types.
a) Migratory animal
b) Camouflaged animal
c) Predator animal
d) Biological control agent
e) Phytophagous animal
f) Chemical defence agent
a) Migratory animal – Siberian crane, salmon, dolphin, etc
b) Camouflaged animal – Grasshopper, chameleon, Frog, etc
c) Predator animal – Tiger, sparrow, lion, etc
d) Biological control agent – Myxoma virus to kill European rabbit, Gambusia fish to check the growth of mosquito larvae, moth against prickly pear cactus, etc
e) Phytophagous animal – Locusta insect, beetle, butterfly, etc
f) Chemical defence agent – Cardiac glycosides produced by Calotropis
Fill in the blanks
| Species A | Species B | Type of interaction | Example |
| +
+ + |
–
+ …A………. |
………B………..
…………C…….. Commensalism |
……D……
………E… ……F……. |
A = 0
B = Parasitism
C = Mutualism
D = Commensalism
E = Cuscuta
D = Lichen
E = Orchid or mango branch.
Observe the set of 4 figures A, B, C and D and, answer the following questions
i. Which one of the figures shows mutualism?
ii. What kind of association is shown in D?
iii. Name the organisms and the association in C.
iv. What role is the insect performing in B?
i) Figure A shows mutualism
ii) Figure D shows an association of predation
iii) Figure C shows the egrets and grazing cattle.
iv) In figure B the insect is phytophagous that feed on the sap of the flower.