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Practice each question, then open the answer or worked solution.
How is a mature, functional insulin hormone different from its prohormone form?
Proinsulin contains 3 chains of polypeptides i.e. A, B & chain C. Chain A have 21 amino acids, B contains 30 amino acids & chain c consists of 33 amino acids. When C-peptide is removed and cut, A & B peptide chains are joined by disulfide bonds and mature, functional insulin is formed.
Gene therapy is an attempt to correct a genetic defect by providing a normal gene to the individual. By this, the normal function can be restored. An alternate method would be to provide the gene product (protein/enzyme) known as enzyme replacement therapy, which would also restore the function. Which is your opinion is a better option? Give a reason for your answer.
Gene therapy is considered to be a better option due to the potential to completely cure the genetic defect. If gene replacement is done during embryonic condition, it could be a permanent cure
Transgenic animals are the animals in which a foreign gene is expressed. Such animals can be used to study the fundamental biological process, a phenomenon, as well as for producing products useful for mankind. Give one example for each type.
In Canada, the gene for spider web has been isolated from spiders & was inserted into a goat. The goat now produces spider webs along with milk. Due to their great tensile strength & lightweight, these spider web fibres are used for the development of military uniforms & tennis rackets.
When a foreign DNA is introduced into an organism, how is it maintained in the host and how is it transferred to the progeny of the organism?
DNA ligase joins the foreign DNA sequence with the vector plasmid and whenever the cell replicates, DNA sequence also gets replicated. The form on generation to other generation along the vector’s DNA the foreign DNA is also passed on.
Bt cotton is resistant to pests, such as lepidopteron, dipterans and coleopterans. Is Bt cotton also resistant to other pests as well?
Bt toxin is a species-specific, narrow-spectrum biopesticide. It can only protect the plant only from insects belonging to lepidopteron, dipterans and coleopterans.