Chapter 9: Hydrogen

Being a liquid, less consumption of volume takes place, so transportation can be done easily. Thus, the basic property of hydrogen which is useful for hydrogen economy is that it can be converted into a liquid – by cooling under high pressure.

Heavy water is water that contains heavy hydrogen D2O. It is used as a moderator in nuclear reactors and exchange reactions for the study of reaction mechanisms.

H2O2 + 2HI → I₂ + 2H2O

Here H2O2 cat as an oxidizing agent

HOCl + H2O2 → H3O⁺ + Cl^– + O₂

Here H2O2 act as reducing agent

o, we can see that H2O2 acts as an oxidising agent in the first reaction as it increases the oxidation number of I- in HI from -1 to 0 in I2.

Similarly, H2O2 acts as a reducing agent in the second reaction as it decreases the oxidation number of Cl+ in HOCl from +1 to -1 in Cl-.

H2O2 or hydrogen peroxide acts as a strong oxidizing agent both in acidic and basic media. It acts as a bleaching agent due to the release of nascent oxygen.

H2O2 ⇌ H2O + O

he nascent oxygen combines with colouring matter breaks the chemical bonds present, which in turn gets oxidised. Hence, the visible light is not absorbed and the cloth gets whitened.

A polar molecule is a molecule that has a slight δ positive and a slight δ negative charge distribution. Due to the high electronegativity difference between oxygen and hydrogen atoms, polarity increases.

This is due to the formation of very stable intermolecular hydrogen bonding(bonding with other molecules of the same or different species) because of the presence of electronegative elements like oxygen, fluorine, nitrogen.