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Practice each question, then open the answer or worked solution.
Carbon, Group (14) element in the Periodic Table, is known to form compounds with many elements. Write an example of a compound formed with
(a) chlorine (Group 17 of Periodic Table)
(b) oxygen (Group 16 of Periodic Table)
a)CCl4– Carbon Tetrachloride
b) Carbon-di-oxide- CO2
In electron dot structure, the valence shell electrons are represented by crosses or dots.
(a) The atomic number of chlorine is 17. Write its electronic configuration
(b) Draw the electron dot structure of chlorine molecule
Catenation is the ability of an atom to form bonds with other atoms of the same element. It is exhibited by both carbon and silicon. Compare the ability of catenation of the two elements. Give reasons.
Catenation is shown by both Silicon and Carbon. Silicon bonds are less stable and reactive whereas bonds formed by Carbon bonds are very strong hence carbon shows better catenation than Silicon.
Unsaturated hydrocarbons contain multiple bonds between the two C-atoms and show addition reactions. Give the test to distinguish ethane from ethene.
Saturated Hydrocarbons burns with a clean flame and produce no soot whereas non-saturated Hydrocarbons burns with a yellow flame and produces a lot of soot. Ethane is saturated hydrocarbon and it burns with clean flame with no soot. Ethene is unsaturated hence it burns with yellow flame producing a lot of soot.
Match the reactions given in Column (A) with the names given in column (B).
| Column A | Column B |
| (a) CH3OH + CH3COOH CH3COOCH3 + H2O | (i) Addition reaction |
| (b) CH2 = CH2 + H2 CH3 — CH3 | (ii) Substitution reaction |
| (c) CH4 + Cl2 Sunlight CH3Cl + HCl | (iii) Neutralisation reaction |
| (d) CH3COOH+NaOH CH3COONa+H2O | (iv) Esterification reaction |
| Column A | Column B |
| (a) CH3OH + CH3COOH CH3COOCH3 + H2O | (iv) Esterification reaction |
| (b) CH2 = CH2 + H2 CH3 — CH3 | (i) Addition reaction |
| (c) CH4 + Cl2 Sunlight CH3Cl + HCl | (ii) Substitution reaction |
| (d) CH3COOH+NaOH CH3COONa+H2O | (iii) Neutralisation reaction |
Write the structural formulae of all the isomers of hexane.
What is the role of metal or reagents written on arrows in the given chemical reactions?
A salt X is formed and a gas is evolved when ethanoic acid reacts with sodium hydrogen carbonate. Name the salt X and the gas evolved. Describe an activity and draw the diagram of the apparatus to prove that the evolved gas is the one which you have named. Also, write a chemical equation of the reaction involved.
When ethanoic acid reacts with Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate with production of Sodium Ethanoate and producing Carbon-di-oxide gas.
CH3COOH+NaHCO3 → CH3COONA+H2O+CO2
Here salt X is Sodium Ethanoate and gas evolved is Carbon-di-oxide.
Activity
(a) What are hydrocarbons? Give examples.
(b) Give the structural differences between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons with two examples each. (c) What is a functional group? Give examples of four different functional groups.
Saturated Hydrocarbon Ex: Ethane, Methane
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons-Ethyne, Ethene
Name the reaction which is commonly used in the conversion of vegetable oils to fats. Explain the reaction involved in detail.
Addition reaction is involved in the conversion of oils into fats. This process is known as Hydrogenation. Here Unsaturated vegetable are converted to saturated fats which have saturated carbons.
Nickel is used as a catalyst in the hydrogenation process and the reaction is given below
