Chapter 2: Acids, Bases and Salts

Q31Written answer

Match the acids given in Column (A) with their correct source given in Column (B)

Column (A)	Column (B)
(a) Lactic acid	(i) Tomato
(b) Acetic acid	(ii) Lemon
(c) Citric acid	(iii) Vinegar
(d) Oxalic acid	(iv) Curd

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Worked solution

Column (A)	Column (B)
(a) Lactic acid	(iv) Curd
(b) Acetic acid	(iii) Vinegar
(c) Citric acid	(ii) Lemon
(d) Oxalic acid	(i) Tomato

Column (A) Column (B)

(a) Lactic acid (iv) Curd

(b) Acetic acid (iii) Vinegar

(c) Citric acid (ii) Lemon

(d) Oxalic acid (i) Tomato

Q32Written answer

Match the important chemicals given in Column (A) with the chemical formulae given in Column (B)

Column (A)	Column (B)
(a) Plaster of Paris	(i) Ca(OH)₂
(b) Gypsum	(ii) CaSO₄. ½ H2O
(c) Bleaching Powder	(iii)CaSO₄.2H₂O
(d) Slaked Lime	(iv) CaOCl₂

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Column (A)	Column (B)
(a) Plaster of Paris	(ii) CaSO₄. ½ H2O
(b) Gypsum	(iii)CaSO₄.2H₂O
(c) Bleaching Powder	(iv) CaOCl₂
(d) Slaked Lime	(i) Ca(OH)₂

Q33Written answer

What will be the action of the following substances on litmus paper? Dry HCl gas, Moistened NH3 gas, Lemon juice, Carbonated soft drink, Curd, Soap solution.

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Worked solution

Dry HCl gas- No effect

Moistened NH3 gas- Turns litmus paper to blue colour

Lemon juice- Turns litmus paper to red colour

Carbonated soft drink- Turns litmus paper to red colour

Curd- Turns litmus paper to red colour

Soap solution- Turns litmus paper to blue colour

Q34Written answer

Name the acid present in ant sting and give its chemical formula. Also, give the common method to get relief from the discomfort caused by the ant sting.

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Worked solution

Ant sting release methanoic acid. The chemical formula of methanoic acid is HCOOH. If we rub baking soda on the affected area, it can give relief from the discomfort caused by ant sting.

Q35Written answer

What happens when nitric acid is added to eggshell?

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Worked solution

Nitric acid dissolved eggshell, which is made up of Calcium carbonate. Calcium carbonate on reacting with nitric acid yield Calcium Nitrate and carbon-di-oxide gas.

Q36Written answer

A student prepared solutions of (i) an acid and (ii) a base in two separate beakers. She forgot to label the solutions, and litmus paper is not available in the laboratory. Since both the solutions are colourless, how will she distinguish between the two?

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Worked solution

Student can use Phenopthalein indicator to check the nature of the solution.

Q37Written answer

How would you distinguish between baking powder and washing soda by heating?

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Worked solution

When we heat baking powder CO2 is released which can be confirmed by passing evolved gas into lime water which will turn milky. This reaction will not happen when you heat washing soda.

Q38Written answer

Salt A commonly used in bakery products on heating gets converted into another salt B which itself is used for removal of hardness of water, and a gas C is evolved. The gas C, when passed through lime water, turns it milky. Identify A, B and C.

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Worked solution

Salt A is Baking soda (Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate) which will turn to Sodium carbonate( Salt B) on heating. Gas C turns lime water milky; hence it must be CO_2.

Q39Written answer

In one of the industrial processes used for the manufacture of sodium hydroxide, a gas X is formed as a by-product. The gas X reacts with lime water to give a compound Y which is used as a bleaching agent in the chemical industry. Identify X and Y, giving the chemical equation of the reactions involved.

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Worked solution

X = Chlorine (Cl 2)

Y = Bleaching powder (CaOCl2)

Ca(OH)2 (s) + Cl2 (g) → CaOCl2 (s) + H2O — Calcium oxychloride (bleaching powder)

Q40Written answer

Fill in the missing data in the following table

		Salted Obtained from
Name of the Salt	Formula	Base	Acid
Ammonium chloride	NH4Cl	NH4OH	–
Copper sulphate	–	–	H2 SO4
Sodium chloride	NaCl	NaOH	–
Magnesium nitrate	Mg (NO3 ) 2	–	HNO₃
Potassium sulphate	K2 SO4	–	–
Calcium nitrate	Ca(NO3 ) 2	Ca(OH)2	–

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Worked solution

		Salted Obtained from
Name of the Salt	Formula	Base	Acid
Ammonium chloride	NH4Cl	NH4OH	HCl
Copper sulphate	CuSO₄	Cu(OH)₂	H2 SO4
Sodium chloride	NaCl	NaOH	HCl
Magnesium nitrate	Mg (NO3 ) 2	Mg(OH)₂	HNO₃
Potassium sulphate	K2 SO4	KOH	H₂SO₄
Calcium nitrate	Ca(NO3 ) 2	Ca(OH)2	HNO₃

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