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NCERT · Class 6 · Social Science

Chapter 8: Urban Livelihoods

Practice each question, then open the answer or worked solution.

Questions

4 questions
Q1Written answer

Read and discuss the following description of the living conditions of workers who come to the labour chowk. Most workers that we find at the labour chowk cannot afford permanent accommodation, so they sleep on pavements near the chowk, or they pay Rs. 6 a night for a bed at a nearby night shelter run by the Municipal Corporation. To compensate for the lack of security, local tea and cigarette shops function as banks, moneylenders and safety lockers, all rolled into one. Most workers leave their tools at these shops for the night for safekeeping and pass on any extra money to them. The shopkeepers keep the money safe and also offer loans to labourers in need.

Source: Aman Sethi, Hindu On-line

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Worked solution
  1. Their living conditions are very poor – without any access to basic facilities like sanitation and drinking water.
  2. Due to the lack of basic facilities, they will be prone to many diseases.
  3. As they live in poverty, they cannot access medical facilities.
  4. They do not have permanent jobs.
  5. They don’t have access to education and will continue living in poverty.
Q2Written answer

Complete the following table and discuss how their work is different:

Name Place of Work Earnings Security of Work Benefits Received Work on Their Own or Employed
Bachchu Manjhi Rs. 100 a day
Harpreet, Vandana Work on their own
Nirmala No security
Sudha Company Rs. 30,000 p.m.
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Worked solution
Name Place of Work Earnings Security of Work Benefits Received Work on Their Own or Employed
Bachchu Manjhi Rickshaw puller Rs. 100 a day No security No benefits Work on their own
Harpreet, Vandana Garment showroom Good earnings Yes, license to do business Growth in the business Work on their own
Nirmala Garment factory Rs. 80 per day for 8 hours No security Rs. 40 for extra Employed
Sudha Company Rs. 30,000 p.m. Secured Paid leave, medical facilities, PF etc Employed
Q3Written answer

In what ways is a permanent and regular job different from a casual job? Discuss.

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Worked solution

A permanent and regular job is different from a casual job in the following ways:

Permanent Job Casual Job
Working hours Fixed variable
Job security Secured Not secured
Payments Fixed Not fixed
Paid holidays and leaves Yes No
Extra benefits Yes No
Q4Written answer

What benefits does Sudha get along with her salary?

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Worked solution

She gets the following benefits along with her salary:

  1. Access to medical facilities for her and her family
  2. Access to facilities like Provident Fund
  3. Her job is permanent and secured
  4. She gets off on Government holidays and Sundays