Orthodox Systems - Classical Indian Philosophy - Philosophy Previous Year Questions

1

2022 · Philosophy · Classical Indian Philosophy · Orthodox Systems

Humanities & Social Sciences-Philosophy (XH-C4) 2022

Which one among the following is NOT a pramāṇa in Sāṅkhya epistemology?

A

Comparison (upamāna)

B

Perception (dṛṣṭa/pratyakṣa)

C

Inference (anumāna)

D

Valid testimony (āptavacana)

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2

2022 · Philosophy · Classical Indian Philosophy · Orthodox Systems

Humanities & Social Sciences-Philosophy (XH-C4) 2022

‘Hare’s horn (śaśa-viṣāṇa)’, according to the Philosophy of Yoga, is a valid example of which kind of citta-vṛtti?

A

Constructive imagination (vikalpa)

B

Wrong cognition or false knowledge (viparyaya)

C

Absence of cognition or sleep (nidra)

D

Memory (smṛti)

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3

2022 · Philosophy · Classical Indian Philosophy · Orthodox Systems

Humanities & Social Sciences-Philosophy (XH-C4) 2022

According to Jaimini, in Mīmāṃsā, which one among the following is a command or injunction that impels humans to perform action?

A

Dharma

B

Apūrva

C

Adṛṣṭa

D

Niṣkāmakarma

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4

2022 · Philosophy · Classical Indian Philosophy · Orthodox Systems

Humanities & Social Sciences-Philosophy (XH-C4) 2022

According to Vaiśeṣika theory of atomism, which one of the following is NOT atomic?

A

Ether (ākāśa)

B

Earth (pṛthvī)

C

Fire (tejas)

D

Air (vāyu)

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5

2022 · Philosophy · Classical Indian Philosophy · Orthodox Systems

Humanities & Social Sciences-Philosophy (XH-C4) 2022

In the theory of causation, the effect (kārya) is non-existent (asat) before its creation; it is a new beginning (ārambha). Which one of the following schools of thought in Indian philosophy upholds this theory?

A

Nyāya

B

Vedānta

C

Yoga

D

Sānkhya

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6

2022 · Philosophy · Classical Indian Philosophy · Orthodox Systems

Humanities & Social Sciences-Philosophy (XH-C4) 2022

Select the CORRECT combinations of the Vedanta schools (Group-I) and their propounders (Group-II) from the table.

Group - I	Group - II
(a) Dvaita	(i) Śaṅkara
(b) Śuddhādvaita	(ii) Rāmānuja
(c) Advaita	(iii) Madhva
(d) Viśiṣṭādvaita	(iv) Nimbārka

A

and (iii)

B

and (ii)

C

and (i)

D

and (iv)

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7

2023 · Philosophy · Classical Indian Philosophy · Orthodox Systems

Humanities & Social Sciences-Philosophy (XH-C4) 2023

In Sāṅkhya philosophy ‘mind’ (manas) is an evolute of ______.

A

Prakṛti

B

Puruṣa

C

Three guṇas

D

Puruṣa and Prakṛti

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8

2023 · Philosophy · Classical Indian Philosophy · Orthodox Systems

Humanities & Social Sciences-Philosophy (XH-C4) 2023

Which one of the following is NOT considered a pramāṇa by the Prābhākara Mīmāṃsaka?

A

Anupalabdhi (Non-apprehension)

B

Anumāna (Inference)

C

Arthāpatti (Postulation/ Presumption)

D

Upamāna (Comparison/ Analogy)

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9

2023 · Philosophy · Classical Indian Philosophy · Orthodox Systems

Humanities & Social Sciences-Philosophy (XH-C4) 2023

In his Yogasūtra, Patañjali mentions five kinds of afflictions (kleśas). Which one of the following is NOT among the five afflictions?

A

Mātsarya (competition/ rivalry)

B

Avidyā (false knowledge)

C

Rāga (attachment)

D

Asmitā (egoism)

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10

2023 · Philosophy · Classical Indian Philosophy · Orthodox Systems

Humanities & Social Sciences-Philosophy (XH-C4) 2023

According to the Nyāya system, the argument “A sparrow is a bird, since it has wings” would have an inferential defect (hetvābhāsa) called ________.

A

Svarūpāsiddhi (unestablished in respect of itself)

B

Āśrayāsiddhi (unestablished in respect of abode)

C

Sādhāraṇa-anaikāntika (common strayer)

D

Asādhāraṇa-anaikāntika (uncommon strayer)

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11

2023 · Philosophy · Classical Indian Philosophy · Orthodox Systems

Humanities & Social Sciences-Philosophy (XH-C4) 2023

Consider the following sentence: ‘Dhavala is a white cow.’ For the Vaiśeṣika, the meaning (artha) of the sentence consists of the following padārthas:

A

Action (karma), Substance (dravya) and Unique particular (viśeṣa) only

B

Substance (dravya), Universal (sāmānya) and Quality (guṇa) only

C

Substance (dravya), Universal (sāmānya), Inherence (samavāya) and Quality (guṇa) only

D

Action (karma), Substance (dravya), Unique particular (viśeṣa) and Absence (abhāva) only

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12

2023 · Philosophy · Classical Indian Philosophy · Orthodox Systems

Humanities & Social Sciences-Philosophy (XH-C4) 2023

According to the Advaita of Śaṅkara, the individual self (jīva) is:

A

Not ontologically different from Brahman

B

Empirically different from Brahman due to the limiting adjuncts of body, mind, senses etc.

C

Ontologically real and one with Brahman

D

A part of Brahman

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13

2024 · Philosophy · Classical Indian Philosophy · Orthodox Systems

Humanities & Social Sciences-Philosophy (XH-C4) 2024

On the theories of causation, there is disagreement among the schools of Indian thought whether the effect pre-exists in its material cause. Which one of the following theorists (vādins) answer this question in the affirmative?

A

Satkāryavādins

B

Asatkāryavādins

C

Ajātivādins

D

Vivartavādins

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14

2024 · Philosophy · Classical Indian Philosophy · Orthodox Systems

Humanities & Social Sciences-Philosophy (XH-C4) 2024

According to Advaita Vedānta of Śaṅkara, the Absolute (parabrahman) is unconditioned (nirupādhi), indeterminate (nirviśeṣa) and without any attribute (nirguṇa). The Vedāntic texts also speak of empirical and phenomenal Brahman (aparabrahman) that is conditioned (sopādhi), determinate (saviśeṣa) and with attributes (saguṇa). This determinate Brahman is

A

Īśvara (God)

B

Jīva (Individual self)

C

Ātman (Self)

D

Jagat (World)

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15

2024 · Philosophy · Classical Indian Philosophy · Orthodox Systems

Humanities & Social Sciences-Philosophy (XH-C4) 2024

Which one of the following philosophers is associated with Navya Nyāya (new school of Indian logic)?

A

Udayana

B

Jayanta Bhaṭṭa

C

Gangeśa

D

Gautama (Gotama)

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16

2024 · Philosophy · Classical Indian Philosophy · Orthodox Systems

Humanities & Social Sciences-Philosophy (XH-C4) 2024

Rāmānuja was a staunch critic of the notion of Māyā in Advaita Vedānta. In one of his seven charges against Māyāvāda, Rāmānuja questions as to where/what is the locus of Māyā/Avidyā – it cannot reside in Brahman, for Brahman is pure consciousness and knowledge, and Avidyā means ignorance. It cannot be on Jīva, because it is the creation of Avidyā. This charge against Advaita by Rāmānuja on the locus of Māyā/Avidyā is called

A

Svarūpānupapatti

B

Āśrayānupapatti

C

Pramāṇānupapatti

D

Tirodhānānupapatti

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17

2024 · Philosophy · Classical Indian Philosophy · Orthodox Systems

Humanities & Social Sciences-Philosophy (XH-C4) 2024

In Indian theories of knowledge, some schools of thought uphold that there is no self-validity of knowledge (svataḥ-prāmāṇya), and others accept extrinsic validity of knowledge (parataḥ-prāmāṇya).
Which of the following schools of Indian thought accept parataḥ-prāmāṇya?

A

Mīmāṃsā

B

Vedānta

C

Nyāya

D

Vaiśeṣika

Check answer

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18

2024 · Philosophy · Classical Indian Philosophy · Orthodox Systems

Humanities & Social Sciences-Philosophy (XH-C4) 2024

Patañjali in his Yogasūtra (1.7) gives his theory of valid means of knowledge (pramāṇa). Among the following, which are NOT pramāṇa(s) according to the Yogasūtra?

A

Inference (Anumāna)

B

Perception (Pratyakṣa)

C

Presumption (Arthāpatti)

D

Comparison (Upamāna)

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19

2024 · Philosophy · Classical Indian Philosophy · Orthodox Systems

Humanities & Social Sciences-Philosophy (XH-C4) 2024

According to Sāṅkhya philosophy, which of the following is/are the external organs/instruments (bāhyakaraṇa)?

A

Five sensory organs (Jñānendriyas)

B

Five motor organs (Karmendriyas)

C

Mind (Manas)

D

Five sensory organs (Jñānendriyas) and Mind (Manas)

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20

2025 · Philosophy · Classical Indian Philosophy · Orthodox Systems

Humanities & Social Sciences-Philosophy (XH-C4) 2025

How many Pramāṇas are accepted in the Advaita theory of knowledge?

A

Six

B

Five

C

Four

D

Three

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