Sound Systems - Levels of Grammatical Analysis (The primary components of grammar) - Linguistics Previous Year Questions

1

2022 · Linguistics · Levels of Grammatical Analysis (The primary components of grammar) · Sound Systems

Humanities & Social Sciences-Linguistics (XH-C3) 2022

Match the phonological processes in column Y to their names in column X.

A

P – ii, Q – iv, R – iii, S – i

B

P – iv, Q – ii, R – iii, S – i

C

P – ii, Q – iv, R – i, S – iii

D

P – iv, Q – ii, R – i, S – iii

Open complete paper

2

2022 · Linguistics · Levels of Grammatical Analysis (The primary components of grammar) · Sound Systems

Humanities & Social Sciences-Linguistics (XH-C3) 2022

Which of the following diagrams depict(s) the violation of a principle of autosegmental phonology?

A

Representation (i)

B

Representation (ii)

C

Both (i) and (ii)

D

Neither (i) nor (ii)

Open complete paper

3

2022 · Linguistics · Levels of Grammatical Analysis (The primary components of grammar) · Sound Systems

Humanities & Social Sciences-Linguistics (XH-C3) 2022

Which of the following statements are true for the pulmonic consonant table in an IPA chart?

A

Voiceless consonants aligned to the left of the cell

B

Places of articulation are arranged in rows

C

Manners of articulation are arranged in columns

D

The most constricted consonants to the least are arranged from the top to bottom

Open complete paper

4

2022 · Linguistics · Levels of Grammatical Analysis (The primary components of grammar) · Sound Systems

Humanities & Social Sciences-Linguistics (XH-C3) 2022

In the production of the /z/ sound which of the following will take place?

A

Vocal cords will vibrate

B

Velum will be raised

C

The two lips will be in contact

D

Air will pass without any turbulence

Check answer

Open complete paper

5

2022 · Linguistics · Levels of Grammatical Analysis (The primary components of grammar) · Sound Systems

Humanities & Social Sciences-Linguistics (XH-C3) 2022

Which of the given pronunciations DO NOT conform to the phonological rule?\n\[ \begin{bmatrix} -sonorant \\ +voiced \end{bmatrix} \rightarrow \begin{bmatrix} -sonorant \\ -voiced \end{bmatrix} / \_\# \]

A

[dud]

B

[kut]

C

[mutab]

D

[pum]

Check answer

Open complete paper

6

2022 · Linguistics · Levels of Grammatical Analysis (The primary components of grammar) · Sound Systems

Humanities & Social Sciences-Linguistics (XH-C3) 2022

Consider the given script showing a sequence of 11 graphemes. It represents the sentence: /apa pat talip tani mil/. Each grapheme in the script contains a ________.

A

Rhyme

B

Syllable

C

Consonant

D

Mora

Open complete paper

7

2022 · Linguistics · Levels of Grammatical Analysis (The primary components of grammar) · Sound Systems

Humanities & Social Sciences-Linguistics (XH-C3) 2022

Given the rules P and Q, what is the name of the rule ordering in dialect X and Y?

Given:
Rule P: t → r / V _ V
Rule Q: ai → ai / _ t

Input: taipaito
Dialect X: taipaito
P applies: taipairo
Q applies: taipairo

Dialect Y: taipaito
Q applies: taipaito
P applies: taipairo

There is also 'typewriter' listed in the Y dialect column.

A

X has counter-feeding and Y has counter bleeding order

B

X has bleeding and Y has counter-bleeding order

C

X has counter-bleeding and Y has counter-feeding order

D

X has counter bleeding and Y has bleeding order

Open complete paper

8

2022 · Linguistics · Levels of Grammatical Analysis (The primary components of grammar) · Sound Systems

Humanities & Social Sciences-Linguistics (XH-C3) 2022

Wolof speakers use a secret language called Kall. Words in Wolof are changed to Kall in a systematic manner, as shown in the data. In the change from Wolof to Kall, which of the given constraints cannot be violated?

Wolof	Kall	Gloss
sama	masa	my
jabar	barja	wife
ker	reke	home

A

MAX-IO

B

DEP-IO

C

FOOT-BINARITY

D

LINEARITY-IO

Check answer

Open complete paper

9

2023 · Linguistics · Levels of Grammatical Analysis (The primary components of grammar) · Sound Systems

Humanities & Social Sciences-Linguistics (XH-C3) 2023

Devanagari organizes the consonant graphemes as shown in the image. What is the parameter by which the following two rows differ?

A

Voicing

B

Manner of articulation

C

Place of articulation

D

Aspiration

Open complete paper

10

2023 · Linguistics · Levels of Grammatical Analysis (The primary components of grammar) · Sound Systems

Humanities & Social Sciences-Linguistics (XH-C3) 2023

If [p] and [pʰ] are allophones of the same phoneme /p/, which of the following statements is/are true?

A

[p] and [pʰ] are in contrastive distribution

B

[p] and [pʰ] are in complementary distribution

C

[pʰ] has more restrictive occurrence than [p]

D

[p] and [pʰ] can be used interchangeably

Check answer

Open complete paper

11

2023 · Linguistics · Levels of Grammatical Analysis (The primary components of grammar) · Sound Systems

Humanities & Social Sciences-Linguistics (XH-C3) 2023

Which of the following sound pairs differ from each other in exactly two articulatory parameters?

A

[p] vs. [b]

B

[t] vs. [s]

C

[v] vs. [θ]

D

[n] vs. [d]

Open complete paper

12

2023 · Linguistics · Levels of Grammatical Analysis (The primary components of grammar) · Sound Systems

Humanities & Social Sciences-Linguistics (XH-C3) 2023

Consider the pattern of stress assignment shown below. Which of the given statements is/are true?

A

Stress assignment is from left to right

B

There are/is extrametrical syllable(s)

C

Feet are binary

D

Stress system is iambic

Check answer

Open complete paper

13

2023 · Linguistics · Levels of Grammatical Analysis (The primary components of grammar) · Sound Systems

Humanities & Social Sciences-Linguistics (XH-C3) 2023

The following figure depicts a spectrum of a vowel (dashed line), where F0 = 150 Hz and F0 = H1. The harmonics are indicated from H1 to H11. From the figure, the frequency (in Hz) of the second formant (F2) of this vowel is________.

Check answer

Open complete paper

14

2024 · Linguistics · Levels of Grammatical Analysis (The primary components of grammar) · Sound Systems

Humanities & Social Sciences-Linguistics (XH-C3) 2024

Which word in the options below would be affected by the following phonological rule?
\[+alveolar, +nasal\] → [+dental] / ____ [+dental, +fricative]

A

panther

B

length

C

warmth

D

another

Open complete paper

15

2024 · Linguistics · Levels of Grammatical Analysis (The primary components of grammar) · Sound Systems

Humanities & Social Sciences-Linguistics (XH-C3) 2024

A linguist was asked to develop a syllabic writing system for a toy language Hadada with ONLY the following words (given in phonetic transcription).
[ha], [hə], [da], [hrə], [dru], [hu], [dru.hu], [hə.da], [duk], [ha.da.da], [a.da]
The number of separate symbols that the linguist needs to create in order to write all the words of this toy language is __________.

Check answer

Open complete paper

16

2025 · Linguistics · Levels of Grammatical Analysis (The primary components of grammar) · Sound Systems

Humanities & Social Sciences-Linguistics (XH-C3) 2025

Which of the following sets depict/s natural class of alveolar consonants?

A

/ s, z, n /

B

/ θ, ʃ, ʒ /

C

/ n, j, t /

D

/ d, t, l /

Check answer

Open complete paper

17

2025 · Linguistics · Levels of Grammatical Analysis (The primary components of grammar) · Sound Systems

Humanities & Social Sciences-Linguistics (XH-C3) 2025

Which of the following acoustic characteristics is/are applicable to the vowel /i/?

A

Periodic waveforms

B

Voice Onset Time (VOT)

C

Formants

D

Voicing

Check answer

Open complete paper

18

2025 · Linguistics · Levels of Grammatical Analysis (The primary components of grammar) · Sound Systems

Humanities & Social Sciences-Linguistics (XH-C3) 2025

Which of the following aspect/s use/s pitch as a primary acoustic correlate?

A

Tone

B

Intonation

C

Loudness

D

Aspiration

Check answer

Open complete paper

19

2025 · Linguistics · Levels of Grammatical Analysis (The primary components of grammar) · Sound Systems

Humanities & Social Sciences-Linguistics (XH-C3) 2025

Which of the following set/s consist/s of at least two [+continuant] sounds?

A

[s, z, j, l, k]

B

[p, t, k, w]

C

[ʃ, tʃ, dʒ, ɹ]

D

[j, l, w, h]

Check answer

Open complete paper

20

2025 · Linguistics · Levels of Grammatical Analysis (The primary components of grammar) · Sound Systems

Humanities & Social Sciences-Linguistics (XH-C3) 2025

Given the following phonological rule, which one of the options CANNOT be an output?
+ nasal → [αplace]/ ___ Consonant [αplace]

A

[sampark]

B

[lantaρ]

C

[piŋkata]

D

[danpo]

Open complete paper