Argument Evaluation and Prediction - Logical Reasoning - Reasoning and Comprehension Previous Year Questions

Froot Inc. carried out an internet advertisement campaign for its new beverage CocoLoco. After the campaign, the director of the advertising company conducted a survey and found that the CocoLoco sales were higher than that of TenderJoos a competing product from Joos Inc. The agency concluded that the internet advertising campaign is more effective than advertising through other media.
Which of the following statements could strengthen the conclusion above by the agency?

An e-commerce site offered a deal last month conditional on the customer spending a minimum of ₹500. Any customer who buys 2 kg of fresh fruit will receive a hand mixer and any customer who buys 2 kg of fresh vegetables will receive a vegetable chopper.
Which of the following is NOT a possible outcome of the above?

Gerrymandering refers to the targeted redrawing of election constituencies so as to benefit a particular party. This is especially important where the electoral system is “first past the post” in each constituency (i.e. one winner is selected in each constituency based on a majority of votes won) and where there is no other provision for proportional representation (as for example in the German system). For a simple illustration of gerrymandering, if a region consists of districts 1, 2, 3, …, 9 with districts 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 favouring party P and 7, 8, 9 favouring party Q, then grouping of districts to constituencies as {1,2,3}, {4,5,6}, {7,8,9} will give two seats to party P and one seat to party Q, whereas the grouping {1,2,7}, {3,4,8}, {5,6,9} will give all three seats to party P, as they will secure a majority in each constituency. Which of these statements can be deduced from the above?

Imagine that you’re in a game show and your host shows you three doors. Behind one of them is a shiny car and behind the others are goats. You pick one of the doors and get what lies within. After making your choice, your host chooses to open one of the other two doors, which inevitably reveals a goat. He then asks you if you want to stick with your original pick, or switch to the other remaining door. What do you do? Most people think that it doesn’t make a difference and they tend to stick with their first pick. With two doors left, you should have a 50% chance of selecting the one with the car. If you agree, then you have just fallen afoul of one of the most infamous mathematical problems – the Monty Hall Problem. In reality, you should switch every time which doubles your odds of getting the car. Over the years, the problem has ensnared countless people, but not, it seems, pigeons. The humble pigeon can learn with practice the best tactic for the Monty Hall Problem, switching from their initial choice almost every time. Amazingly, humans do not!
(Adapted from an article by Ed Yong in Discover Magazine.)
Which of the following conclusions follow from the passage above?

Writers of detective fiction often include an incompetent detective as a foil for the brilliant investigator-protagonist as they follow different paths in trying to solve the crime. In the individual accounts, the incompetent detective is frequently distracted by the culprit's careful plans, while the competent investigator solves the case after a final confrontation. Analysts of such fiction believe that the authors select this story-telling technique to provide readers with more complexities in the form of misleading clues, while figuring out the crime.
Which of the following statements most logically follows from the passage above?

According to a recent article in a medical journal, consuming curcumin (from turmeric) possibly lowers the risk of COVID-19. The researchers draw this conclusion from a study that found that people who consumed one or more teaspoons of curcumin extract everyday were half as likely to be diagnosed with the disease as people who did not consume curcumin.
Which of the following, if true, most weakens the argument in the article?

X-ray examination of a recently discovered painting that some authorities judge to be a self-portrait by Michelangelo revealed an under-image of a woman’s face. Either Michelangelo or some other artist must have repainted over the first painting that had now been seen on the canvas. Because the woman’s face also appears on other paintings by Michelangelo, this painting is determined to indeed be an authentic painting by Michelangelo. Which of the following assumptions must be made in reaching the conclusion above?

A pandemic like situation hit the country last year, resulting in loss of human life and economic depression. To improve the condition of its citizens, the government made a series of emergency medical interventions and increased spending to revive the economy. In both these efforts, district administration authorities were actively involved.
Which of the following action(s) are plausible?

On the basis of the statements given below, which valid assumption(s) can be made?

Statements:

• Life has suffering
• Desire is the cause of suffering
• The end of desire is the end of suffering
• Desire can be reduced by following the noble eightfold path

Assumptions:

1. Suffering is because of wants
2. Life is not always full of suffering
3. The eightfold path can reduce suffering
4. Suffering is caused by life

Which of the statement(s) about the passage weaken(s) the argument presented?

Scientists associate large brains with greater intelligence. However, in the evolutionary context it has also been identified that beyond a point, the size of the brain has not increased and yet after a particular period, in spite of no significant change in brain size humans have made significant progress. Certain researchers propose that this is because, while the overall brain size may not have changed, marked structural changes can be noticed in specific structures that run parallel to increase in human intelligence.

Which of the following recommended action(s) seem to be appropriate with the stated problem?

Stated problem : Many students at educational institutes do not attend classes in the post-pandemic scenario.

If \(\times\) means \(+\), \(+\) means \(\div\), \(-\) means \(\times\), and \(\div\) means \(-\),
then \(8 \times 7 - 8 + 40 \div 2 =\)

Indian society is experiencing a boom in pet culture, where people are becoming responsible caretakers of pets rather than merely providing food and shelter. They no longer like to identify themselves as 'pet-owners' but rather as 'pet-parents'. This means that there is an emotional transaction rather than a utilitarian one.
Which of the following weaken(s) the argument presented in the given passage?

Three statements, S1, S2 and S3 are given, followed with 4 conclusions, C1, C2, C3 and C4.
S1: Hostel authorities organised a special lunch on 01-02-26 during 12 noon to 3 pm, for those residents of the Hostel, who paid hostel mess fees on time.
S2: Hostel authorities issued a notice that, since elections for Mess Council is held during 4-5 pm of 01-02-26, residents of the Hostel who are contesting the elections need to stay away from the hostel since morning till 5 pm.
S3: Hostel residents who were eligible to have special lunch, had it on 01-02-26.
C1: Residents who did not have special lunch on 01-02-26, either did not pay hostel mess fees on time or were contesting elections.
C2: Residents having special lunch on 01-02-26, were either not contesting elections or had paid hostel mess fees on time.
C3: Residents who are contesting elections need not care about paying mess fees.
C4: Residents who have paid hostel mess fees on time could join special lunch only if they are not contesting elections.
Which of the conclusion(s) is/are incorrect?

Six statements, S1 to S6, are given.
S1: All GATE candidates are engineers.
S2: Some GATE candidates are CAT candidates.
S3: All GRE candidates are GATE candidates.
S4: All engineers are GRE candidates.
S5: Some CAT candidates are GRE candidates.
S6: Some CAT candidates are engineers.
Based on S1-S6, following options provide a set of three statements, followed by a fourth statement. Identify the option(s) where the fourth statement can be necessarily inferred from the set of three statements.

Choose the correct sequence of sentences so that they form a coherent paragraph:
P. However, in the context of texts dealing with science or engineering, this condition may not be applicable.
Q. One can infer, that there is something called discipline fidelity and within this aspect, content, language, structure and scope of a text may vary.
R. In the meaning-making process of a text, it is not always logic that is central.
S. Most of the times, it is the expression of the experience that supersedes the structure and argument.
Which of the following options is/are correct and giving the most appropriate order and meaning to the sentence?

Mental health is a global concern, especially among the youth. During the Covid-19 pandemic, when schools and colleges were operating online, students were left with no option but to stay at home leading to negligible social interaction. Several studies indicate that even when offline classes have now resumed post Covid-19 pandemic, these students are finding it difficult to establish social connect leading to mental health issues. To deal with this situation, schools and colleges are trying hard to implement different strategies to combat their student’s mental health depending on their unique culture, overall strength, and resources.
Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the above passage?