Deductive and Inductive Reasoning - Logic - General Aptitude (GA) Previous Year Questions

1

2014 · General Aptitude (GA) · Logic · Deductive and Inductive Reasoning

Geology & Geophysics (GG) 2014

In a group of four children, Som is younger to Riaz. Shiv is elder to Ansu. Ansu is youngest in the group. Which of the following statements is/are required to find the eldest child in the group?
Statements
1. Shiv is younger to Riaz.
2. Shiv is elder to Som.

A

Statement 1 by itself determines the eldest child.

B

Statement 2 by itself determines the eldest child.

C

Statements 1 and 2 are both required to determine the eldest child.

D

Statements 1 and 2 are not sufficient to determine the eldest child.

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2

2015 · General Aptitude (GA) · Logic · Deductive and Inductive Reasoning

Geology & Geophysics (GG) 2015

Tanya is older than Eric.
Cliff is older than Tanya.
Eric is older than Cliff.
If the first two statements are true, then the third statement is:

A

True

B

False

C

Uncertain

D

Data insufficient

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3

2015 · General Aptitude (GA) · Logic · Deductive and Inductive Reasoning

Geology & Geophysics (GG) 2015

Given below are two statements followed by two conclusions. Assuming these statements to be true, decide which one logically follows.
Statements:
I. No manager is a leader.
II. All leaders are executives.
Conclusions:
I. No manager is an executive.
II. No executive is a manager.

A

Only conclusion I follows.

B

Only conclusion II follows.

C

Neither conclusion I nor II follows.

D

Both conclusions I and II follow.

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4

2016 · General Aptitude (GA) · Logic · Deductive and Inductive Reasoning

Geology & Geophysics (GG) 2016

Fact: If it rains, then the field is wet.
Read the following statements:
(i) It rains
(ii) The field is not wet
(iii) The field is wet
(iv) It did not rain
Which one of the options given below is NOT logically possible, based on the given fact?

A

If (iii), then (iv).

B

If (i), then (iii).

C

If (i), then (ii).

D

If (ii), then (iv).

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5

2016 · General Aptitude (GA) · Logic · Deductive and Inductive Reasoning

Geology & Geophysics (GG) 2016

A smart city integrates all modes of transport, uses clean energy and promotes sustainable use of resources. It also uses technology to ensure safety and security of the city, something which critics argue, will lead to a surveillance state.
Which of the following can be logically inferred from the above paragraph?
(i) All smart cities encourage the formation of surveillance states.
(ii) Surveillance is an integral part of a smart city.
(iii) Sustainability and surveillance go hand in hand in a smart city.
(iv) There is a perception that smart cities promote surveillance.

A

(i) and (iv) only

B

(ii) and (iii) only

C

(iv) only

D

(i) only

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6

2022 · General Aptitude (GA) · Logic · Deductive and Inductive Reasoning

Geology & Geophysics (GG) 2022

Six persons P, Q, R, S, T and U are sitting around a circular table facing the center not necessarily in the same order. Consider the following statements:

• P sits next to S and T.
• Q sits diametrically opposite to P.
• The shortest distance between S and R is equal to the shortest distance between T and U.

Based on the above statements, Q is a neighbor of

A

U and S

B

R and T

C

R and U

D

P and S

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7

2022 · General Aptitude (GA) · Logic · Deductive and Inductive Reasoning

Geology & Geophysics (GG) 2022

A building has several rooms and doors as shown in the top view of the building given below. The doors are closed initially.
What is the minimum number of doors that need to be opened in order to go from the point P to the point Q?

A

4

B

3

C

2

D

1

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8

2022 · General Aptitude (GA) · Logic · Deductive and Inductive Reasoning

Geology & Geophysics (GG) 2022

Rice, a versatile and inexpensive source of carbohydrate, is a critical component of diet worldwide. Climate change, causing extreme weather, poses a threat to sustained availability of rice. Scientists are working on developing Green Super Rice (GSR), which is resilient under extreme weather conditions yet gives higher yields sustainably.
Which one of the following is the CORRECT logical inference based on the information given in the above passage?

A

GSR is an alternative to regular rice, but it grows only in an extreme weather

B

GSR may be used in future in response to adverse effects of climate change

C

GSR grows in an extreme weather, but the quantity of produce is lesser than regular rice

D

Regular rice will continue to provide good yields even in extreme weather

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9

2022 · General Aptitude (GA) · Logic · Deductive and Inductive Reasoning

Geology & Geophysics (GG) 2022

Given below are three statements and four conclusions drawn based on the statements.

Statement 1: Some engineers are writers.
Statement 2: No writer is an actor.
Statement 3: All actors are engineers.

Conclusion I: Some writers are engineers.
Conclusion II: All engineers are actors.
Conclusion III: No actor is a writer.
Conclusion IV: Some actors are writers.

Which one of the following options can be logically inferred?

A

Only conclusion I is correct

B

Only conclusion II and conclusion III are correct

C

Only conclusion I and conclusion III are correct

D

Either conclusion III or conclusion IV is correct

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10

2024 · General Aptitude (GA) · Logic · Deductive and Inductive Reasoning

Geology & Geophysics (GG) 2024 [Session 2]

In the 4 × 4 array shown below, each cell of the first three columns has either a cross (X) or a number, as per the given rule.

1	1	2
2	X	3
2	X	4
1	2	X

Rule: The number in a cell represents the count of crosses around its immediate neighboring cells (left, right, top, bottom, diagonals).
As per this rule, the maximum number of crosses possible in the empty column is

A

0

B

1

C

2

D

3

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11

2019 · General Aptitude (GA) · Logic · Deductive and Inductive Reasoning

Geology & Geophysics (GG) 2019

Some students were not involved in the strike.
If the above statement is true, which of the following conclusions is/are logically necessary?
1. Some who were involved in the strike were students.
2. No student was involved in the strike.
3. At least one student was involved in the strike.
4. Some who were not involved in the strike were students.

A

1 and 2

B

3

C

4

D

2 and 3

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12

2019 · General Aptitude (GA) · Logic · Deductive and Inductive Reasoning

Geology & Geophysics (GG) 2019

Since the last one year, after a 125 basis point reduction in repo rate by the Reserve Bank of India, banking institutions have been making a demand to reduce interest rates on small saving schemes. Finally, the government announced yesterday a reduction in interest rates on small saving schemes to bring them on par with fixed deposit interest rates.
Which one of the following statements can be inferred from the given passage?

A

Whenever the Reserve Bank of India reduces the repo rate, the interest rates on small saving schemes are also reduced

B

Interest rates on small saving schemes are always maintained on par with fixed deposit interest rates

C

The government sometimes takes into consideration the demands of banking institutions before reducing the interest rates on small saving schemes

D

A reduction in interest rates on small saving schemes follow only after a reduction in repo rate by the Reserve Bank of India

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13

2021 · General Aptitude (GA) · Logic · Deductive and Inductive Reasoning

Geology & Geophysics (GG) 2021

Seven cars P, Q, R, S, T, U and V are parked in a row not necessarily in that order. The cars T and U should be parked next to each other. The cars S and V also should be parked next to each other, whereas P and Q cannot be parked next to each other. Q and S must be parked next to each other. R is parked to the immediate right of V. T is parked to the left of U.
Based on the above statements, the only INCORRECT option given below is:

A

There are two cars parked in between Q and V.

B

Q and R are not parked together.

C

V is the only car parked in between S and R.

D

Car P is parked at the extreme end.

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14

2023 · General Aptitude (GA) · Logic · Deductive and Inductive Reasoning

Geology & Geophysics (GG) 2023 [Session 1]

Residency is a famous housing complex with many well-established individuals among its residents. A recent survey conducted among the residents of the complex revealed that all of those residents who are well established in their respective fields happen to be academicians. The survey also revealed that most of these academicians are authors of some best-selling books.

Based only on the information provided above, which one of the following statements can be logically inferred with certainty?

A

Some residents of the complex who are well established in their fields are also authors of some best-selling books.

B

All academicians residing in the complex are well established in their fields.

C

Some authors of best-selling books are residents of the complex who are well established in their fields.

D

Some academicians residing in the complex are well established in their fields.

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15

2023 · General Aptitude (GA) · Logic · Deductive and Inductive Reasoning

Geology & Geophysics (GG) 2023 [Session 1]

The information contained in DNA is used to synthesize proteins that are necessary for the functioning of life. DNA is composed of four nucleotides: Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G). The information contained in DNA can then be thought of as a sequence of these four nucleotides: A, T, C, and G. DNA has coding and non-coding regions. Coding regions—where the sequence of these nucleotides are read in groups of three to produce individual amino acids—constitute only about 2% of human DNA. For example, the triplet of nucleotides CCG codes for the amino acid glycine, while the triplet GGA codes for the amino acid proline. Multiple amino acids are then assembled to form a protein.

Based only on the information provided above, which of the following statements can be logically inferred with certainty?
    (i) The majority of human DNA has no role in the synthesis of proteins.
    (ii) The function of about 98% of human DNA is not understood.

A

only (i)

B

only (ii)

C

both (i) and (ii)

D

neither (i) nor (ii)

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16

2023 · General Aptitude (GA) · Logic · Deductive and Inductive Reasoning

Geology & Geophysics (GG) 2023 [Session 2]

The information contained in DNA is used to synthesize proteins that are necessary for the functioning of life. DNA is composed of four nucleotides: Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G). The information contained in DNA can then be thought of as a sequence of these four nucleotides: A, T, C, and G. DNA has coding and non-coding regions. Coding regions—where the sequence of these nucleotides are read in groups of three to produce individual amino acids—constitute only about 2% of human DNA. For example, the triplet of nucleotides CCG codes for the amino acid glycine, while the triplet GGA codes for the amino acid proline. Multiple amino acids are then assembled to form a protein.
Based only on the information provided above, which of the following statements can be logically inferred with certainty?
(i) The majority of human DNA has no role in the synthesis of proteins.
(ii) The function of about 98% of human DNA is not understood.

A

only (i)

B

only (ii)

C

both (i) and (ii)

D

neither (i) nor (ii)

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17

2026 · General Aptitude (GA) · Logic · Deductive and Inductive Reasoning

Geology and Geophysics - Geology (GG) 2026

Consider an art gallery whose walkways are shown as lines in the diagram. A black dot represents a junction of two walkways. A guard may be placed at a junction to watch over the walkways that join at that junction. The minimum number of guards needed to watch all the walkways is ______.

A

2

B

3

C

4

D

5

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18

2026 · General Aptitude (GA) · Logic · Deductive and Inductive Reasoning

Geology and Geophysics - Geology (GG) 2026

Four people P, Q, R, and S, of different ages, make the following observations.
P – I am younger than S.
Q – I am neither the youngest nor the oldest.
R – P is older than me.
Based on these observations, the youngest person is ______.

A

P

B

Q

C

R

D

S

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19

2026 · General Aptitude (GA) · Logic · Deductive and Inductive Reasoning

Geology and Geophysics - Geophysics (GG) 2026

Consider an art gallery whose walkways are shown as lines in the diagram. A black dot represents a junction of two walkways. A guard may be placed at a junction to watch over the walkways that join at that junction. The minimum number of guards needed to watch all the walkways is ________.

A

2

B

3

C

4

D

5

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20

2026 · General Aptitude (GA) · Logic · Deductive and Inductive Reasoning

Geology and Geophysics - Geophysics (GG) 2026

Four people P, Q, R, and S, of different ages, make the following observations.
P – I am younger than S.
Q – I am neither the youngest nor the oldest.
R – P is older than me.
Based on these observations, the youngest person is _____.

A

P

B

Q

C

R

D

S

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