Surface Water Resources - Water Resources and Environmental Hydraulics - Environmental Science & Engineering Previous Year Questions

1

2024 · Environmental Science & Engineering · Water Resources and Environmental Hydraulics · Surface Water Resources

Environmental Science & Engineering (ES) 2024

A Class-A pan was setup adjacent to a lake for measuring evaporation losses in the lake. The depth of water in the pan at the beginning of a certain week was 250 mm. In that week, there was a rainfall event with 10 mm depth. Water depth in the pan at the end of the week was 240 mm. The pan coefficient is 0.8. The estimated lake evaporation during the week was ______ mm (an integer value).

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2

2024 · Environmental Science & Engineering · Water Resources and Environmental Hydraulics · Surface Water Resources

Environmental Science & Engineering (ES) 2024

Consider a watershed and isohyets as shown in the figure. The average rainfall in the watershed is __________ mm (an integer value).

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3

2025 · Environmental Science & Engineering · Water Resources and Environmental Hydraulics · Surface Water Resources

Environmental Science & Engineering (ES) 2025

For flood routing, consider the following statements
P : Hydrologic routing method uses continuity equation and momentum equation
Q : Hydraulic routing method uses continuity equation and energy equation
Choose the correct option from the following

A

P is TRUE; Q is TRUE

B

P is TRUE; Q is FALSE

C

P is FALSE; Q is TRUE

D

P is FALSE; Q is FALSE

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4

2025 · Environmental Science & Engineering · Water Resources and Environmental Hydraulics · Surface Water Resources

Environmental Science & Engineering (ES) 2025

The following figure (not to scale) depicts a rainfall hyetograph for a storm over a catchment

If the storm produced a direct runoff of 12.5 mm, then the φ-index of the storm for the catchment is __________ mm/hour. (rounded off to two decimal places)

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5

2025 · Environmental Science & Engineering · Water Resources and Environmental Hydraulics · Surface Water Resources

Environmental Science & Engineering (ES) 2025

The following table and figure (not to scale) show characteristics of a catchment

The hyetograph resulting from a storm that occurred uniformly over the catchment, is as follows

Assuming a constant base flow of 40 m³/s, the peak of the runoff hydrograph produced by storm for the catchment at the outlet O is __________ m³/s. (rounded off to two decimal places)

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6

2021 · Environmental Science & Engineering · Water Resources and Environmental Hydraulics · Surface Water Resources

Environmental Science & Engineering (ES) 2021

The characteristics of a water sample are as follows: Na⁺ = 92 mg/L, K⁺ = 19.5 mg/L, Ca²⁺ = 40 mg/L, and Mg²⁺ = 24 mg/L. What is the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of the water sample which may be considered for irrigation purposes?
[Atomic weight (g/mol): Na = 23, K = 39, Ca = 40, and Mg = 24]

A

2.83

B

1.94

C

2.00

D

4.00

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7

2022 · Environmental Science & Engineering · Water Resources and Environmental Hydraulics · Surface Water Resources

Environmental Science & Engineering (ES) 2022

Consider the following statements
Statement 1: Goodrich method for reservoir routing is based on hydrologic flood routing method.
Statement 2: Muskingum method for channel routing is based on hydraulic flood routing method.
Which one of the following is correct?

A

Statement 1 is false; Statement 2 is false

B

Statement 1 is true; Statement 2 is false

C

Statement 1 is true; Statement 2 is true

D

Statement 1 is false; Statement 2 is true

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8

2022 · Environmental Science & Engineering · Water Resources and Environmental Hydraulics · Surface Water Resources

Environmental Science & Engineering (ES) 2022

The following figure shows a 2-hour unit hydrograph (1 cm rainfall excess) for a catchment area of 540 hectare.

The peak discharge (in m³/s, rounded off to one decimal place) of the above unit hydrograph is __________

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9

2022 · Environmental Science & Engineering · Water Resources and Environmental Hydraulics · Surface Water Resources

Environmental Science & Engineering (ES) 2022

An isolated storm of 3 hours occurred over a catchment area in the following manner

% Catchment Area	\(\phi\)-index (cm/hour)	Rainfall (cm)
		1\(^{st}\) hour	2\(^{nd}\) hour	3\(^{rd}\) hour
15	0.5	0.4	2.5	1.6
35	1.0	0.8	3.0	2.1
50	0.8	0.6	2.6	1.9

Total rainfall excess (in cm, rounded off to one decimal place) over the catchment for the above storm is __________.

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10

2023 · Environmental Science & Engineering · Water Resources and Environmental Hydraulics · Surface Water Resources

Environmental Science & Engineering (ES) 2023

An S-hydrograph was prepared for a catchment of 240 km² using 3-hour unit hydrograph (1 cm rainfall excess). The equilibrium discharge for the S-hydrograph would be __________ (in m³/s, rounded off to two decimal places).

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11

2023 · Environmental Science & Engineering · Water Resources and Environmental Hydraulics · Surface Water Resources

Environmental Science & Engineering (ES) 2023

The following figure (not to the scale) shows a catchment (Q, S, U, T, Q) and adjoining raingauge stations P, Q, R, S, U and V. Due to a storm, 20 mm, 25 mm, 30 mm, 15 mm, 22 mm and 18 mm rainfall depths were recorded by raingauges at P, Q, R, S, U and V, respectively.

The corresponding mean rainfall over the catchment using Thiessen polygon method is ______________ (in mm, rounded off to two decimal places).

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12

2026 · Environmental Science & Engineering · Water Resources and Environmental Hydraulics · Surface Water Resources

Environmental Science & Engineering (ES) 2026

The mass curve of a rainfall event of 100 min duration over a catchment is given in the table.
If the initial loss is 0.6 cm and φ-index is 0.6 cm/hour, the total surface runoff from the catchment is _____ cm (rounded off to one decimal place).

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