Environmental Hydraulics - Water Resources and Environmental Hydraulics - Environmental Science & Engineering Previous Year Questions

1

2024 · Environmental Science & Engineering · Water Resources and Environmental Hydraulics · Environmental Hydraulics

Environmental Science & Engineering (ES) 2024

In the context of fluid flow, which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?

A

Streamline is a line, tangent to which at any point gives the direction of the velocity vector

B

Streakline is the actual path traversed by a given fluid particle in an unsteady flow

C

Streakline and streamline are same for a steady flow

D

Pathline and streamline are same for a steady flow

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2

2024 · Environmental Science & Engineering · Water Resources and Environmental Hydraulics · Environmental Hydraulics

Environmental Science & Engineering (ES) 2024

In a rectangular open channel, the flow is critical, and the flow depth is 2 m. Select the correct statement(s)

A

Specific energy for the flow is 3.0 m

B

Specific energy for the flow is 2.0 m

C

Froude number is 1.0

D

Froude number is 1.5

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3

2024 · Environmental Science & Engineering · Water Resources and Environmental Hydraulics · Environmental Hydraulics

Environmental Science & Engineering (ES) 2024

Water is flowing FULL through a rectangular tunnel of size 3 m (width) × 2 m (height).
The average velocity of flow is 1 m/s. The frictional head loss is observed to be 1 m per km. Consider acceleration due to gravity (g) as 10 m/s². The correct statement(s) is/are

A

Hydraulic radius is 0.6 m

B

Darcy-Weisbach friction factor is 0.048

C

Hydraulic radius is 2 m

D

Darcy-Weisbach friction factor is 0.024

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4

2024 · Environmental Science & Engineering · Water Resources and Environmental Hydraulics · Environmental Hydraulics

Environmental Science & Engineering (ES) 2024

With reference to the gate shown in the figure, the gate will start opening automatically when the water level 'h' above the hinge is __________ m (rounded off to 2 decimal places).

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5

2025 · Environmental Science & Engineering · Water Resources and Environmental Hydraulics · Environmental Hydraulics

Environmental Science & Engineering (ES) 2025

For a gradually varied flow, consider the following statements
P : \(y_n > y_c > y\) in \(M_3\) surface profile
Q : \(y_n < y_c < y\) in \(S_1\) surface profile
where, \(y_n\) is normal depth, \(y_c\) is critical depth, and \(y\) is flow depth.
Choose the correct option from the following

A

P is TRUE; Q is TRUE

B

P is TRUE; Q is FALSE

C

P is FALSE; Q is TRUE

D

P is FALSE; Q is FALSE

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6

2025 · Environmental Science & Engineering · Water Resources and Environmental Hydraulics · Environmental Hydraulics

Environmental Science & Engineering (ES) 2025

A pipe line O P Q R branches into three pipes X, Y, and Z between points P and Q as shown in figure (not to scale)

Diameter (d) and length (l) of each pipe are as presented in figure and all pipes are of same material having friction factor (f) of 0.02. Assume acceleration due to gravity (g) as 10.0 m/s². If the head difference between P and Q is 10 m, then the head loss between Q and R is __________ m. (rounded off to two decimal places)

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7

2025 · Environmental Science & Engineering · Water Resources and Environmental Hydraulics · Environmental Hydraulics

Environmental Science & Engineering (ES) 2025

A circular sewer pipe, having Manning’s coefficient (n) of 0.01, is laid at a bed slope of 1:100. If it is flowing 80% full for a discharge of 2 m³/s, then its diameter is __________ m. (rounded off to three decimal places)

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8

2021 · Environmental Science & Engineering · Water Resources and Environmental Hydraulics · Environmental Hydraulics

Environmental Science & Engineering (ES) 2021

In fluid statics, the line of action of the buoyant force always acts through the __________.

A

centre of gravity of any submerged body

B

centroid of the volume of any floating body

C

centroid of the displaced volume of fluid by the body

D

centroid of the volume of fluid vertically above the body

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9

2021 · Environmental Science & Engineering · Water Resources and Environmental Hydraulics · Environmental Hydraulics

Environmental Science & Engineering (ES) 2021

A water jet discharging from a 4 cm diameter orifice has a diameter of 3.5 cm at its vena contracta. The coefficient of velocity is defined as the ratio of the actual velocity of the jet at vena contracta to the theoretical velocity of the jet. If the coefficient of velocity is 0.98, the coefficient of discharge for the orifice will be __________ (rounded off to two decimal places).

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10

2021 · Environmental Science & Engineering · Water Resources and Environmental Hydraulics · Environmental Hydraulics

Environmental Science & Engineering (ES) 2021

In open channel flow, the specific energy is the total energy per unit weight of a liquid, where the component potential energy is measured from the bed of the channel as the datum.
A rectangular channel of 10 m width carries 20 m³/s of water. The depth of flowing water is 1 m. The specific energy for this flow condition is ______________ m (rounded off to one decimal place).
Consider acceleration due to gravity (g) = 10 m/s².

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11

2021 · Environmental Science & Engineering · Water Resources and Environmental Hydraulics · Environmental Hydraulics

Environmental Science & Engineering (ES) 2021

Two reservoirs are connected by a pipeline consisting of two pipes ‘A’ and ‘B’ in series. The two pipes are of same length and have the same Darcy friction factor. If the internal diameter of pipe ‘B’ is twice as large as the internal diameter of pipe ‘A’, the ratio of the head loss in pipe ‘A’ to that in pipe ‘B’ is ______________ (answer in integer). Neglect all minor losses.

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12

2022 · Environmental Science & Engineering · Water Resources and Environmental Hydraulics · Environmental Hydraulics

Environmental Science & Engineering (ES) 2022

Average values of the re-aeration rate constant for river X and river Y are 0.92 per day and 1.12 per day, respectively. Average de-oxygenation rate constants for the same rivers are 0.23 per day and 0.35 per day respectively. Then, which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?

A

Self-purification capacity of river Y is more than that of river X.

B

Self-purification capacity of river X is more than that of river Y.

C

River Y has higher turbulence and/or higher velocity and/or higher algal growth compared to river X.

D

Pollutants in river X are more biodegradable than that in river Y.

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13

2022 · Environmental Science & Engineering · Water Resources and Environmental Hydraulics · Environmental Hydraulics

Environmental Science & Engineering (ES) 2022

A venturimeter along with a differential manometer was installed to measure flow in a water pipeline as shown in the following figure (not drawn to scale). Taking specific weight of water as 9810 N/m³, the pressure difference (in Pa, rounded off to one decimal place) between point Q and P is __________.

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14

2022 · Environmental Science & Engineering · Water Resources and Environmental Hydraulics · Environmental Hydraulics

Environmental Science & Engineering (ES) 2022

Two reservoirs having a difference of 10 m in their water surface elevations are connected by a pipeline (diameter = 10 cm, length = 50 m, and friction factor \( f = 0.02 \)). If the last 25 m length of the pipeline is replaced by a same material pipe of diameter 20 cm then neglecting minor losses the discharge (in %, rounded off to one decimal place) will increase by __________.

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15

2022 · Environmental Science & Engineering · Water Resources and Environmental Hydraulics · Environmental Hydraulics

Environmental Science & Engineering (ES) 2022

The depth of flow (in m, rounded off to two decimal places) in a hydraulically efficient rectangular channel (\( n = 1/80 \)) to carry a discharge of 64 m³/s at bed slope 0.01 is __________.

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16

2023 · Environmental Science & Engineering · Water Resources and Environmental Hydraulics · Environmental Hydraulics

Environmental Science & Engineering (ES) 2023

The kinematic viscosity of glycerin and kerosene are 1.2 times and 0.95 times of that of water, respectively. Glycerin and kerosene flow through two identical porous media having same hydraulic gradient. Assuming Darcy's law is valid for the porous media, the ratio of flow rate of kerosene to that of glycerin is

A

1.052

B

1.140

C

0.792

D

1.263

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17

2023 · Environmental Science & Engineering · Water Resources and Environmental Hydraulics · Environmental Hydraulics

Environmental Science & Engineering (ES) 2023

The critical depth in a 2 m wide rectangular channel carrying a discharge of 10 m³/s and taking value of acceleration due to gravity (g) as 9.81 m/s² is ____________ (in m, rounded off to two decimal places).

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18

2023 · Environmental Science & Engineering · Water Resources and Environmental Hydraulics · Environmental Hydraulics

Environmental Science & Engineering (ES) 2023

A trapezoidal canal lined with cement concrete (\(n = 0.01\)) is designed to carry a discharge of 20 m³/s at a bed slope 1 in 400. If the bed width is twice of the depth of flow and side slope of the canal section is 2 (1 vertical:2 horizontal) then the corresponding depth of flow will be ______________ (in m, rounded off to two decimal places).

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19

2023 · Environmental Science & Engineering · Water Resources and Environmental Hydraulics · Environmental Hydraulics

Environmental Science & Engineering (ES) 2023

A plunger weighing 314 kN is balanced in a cylindrical vessel of diameter 1.5 m and filled with an oil (specific gravity 0.9) as shown in the following figure (not to the scale).

If a pressure gauge is connected with the vessel using 1.5 cm diameter tube, the reading of the gauge will be ______________ (in kPa, rounded off to two decimal places).

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20

2023 · Environmental Science & Engineering · Water Resources and Environmental Hydraulics · Environmental Hydraulics

Environmental Science & Engineering (ES) 2023

A pipeline is designed to deliver 20 L/s of an oil (kinematic viscosity = 6×10^-6 m²/s and specific gravity = 0.9) under the laminar flow condition. The minimum diameter of the pipe will be __________ (in m, rounded off to two decimal places).

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