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Previous year question hub

Shallow and Deep Foundations - Geotechnical Engineering - Civil Engineering Previous Year Questions

Practice Shallow and Deep Foundations - Geotechnical Engineering - Civil Engineering previous year questions organised from real papers, with year-wise coverage and clear topic navigation.

21Papers
16Years
45Questions
1Topics

Shallow and Deep Foundations question pattern

Every graph below is calculated only from this selection.

Questions by year

Year-wise coverage for Shallow and Deep Foundations. Each bar uses a separate theme-derived color.

Difficulty distribution

How the classified questions are distributed by difficulty.

Medium 33 73.3%
Easy 9 20%
Hard 3 6.7%

Question type distribution

MCQ, numerical, multiple-select and other formats found in these papers.

MCQ 27 60%
Numerical Answer Type (NAT) 16 35.6%
Fill in the blanks 1 2.2%
MSQ 1 2.2%

Subject weightage

Top subjects by unique question coverage.

Civil Engineering
45 Qs

Most asked topics

Top topics across the included previous year papers.

Geotechnical Engineering
45 Qs

Subtopic coverage

Top subtopics inside this exact selection.

Shallow and Deep Foundations
45 Qs

Paper coverage

Question coverage for the most populated papers. Every active PYP paper remains listed below.

Civil Engineering (CE) 2026
3 Qs
Civil Engineering (CE) 2026
3 Qs
Civil Engineering (CE) 2025 [Session 1]
2 Qs
Civil Engineering (CE) 2025 [Session 2]
2 Qs
Civil Engineering (CE) 2024 [Session 2]
2 Qs
Civil Engineering (CE) 2024 [Session 1]
1 Qs
Civil Engineering (CE) 2022 [Session 2]
1 Qs
Civil Engineering (CE) 2019 [Session 2]
2 Qs
Civil Engineering (CE) 2018 [Session 2]
2 Qs
Civil Engineering (CE) 2017 [Session 2]
1 Qs
Civil Engineering (CE) 2016 [Session 2]
2 Qs
Civil Engineering (CE) 2015 [Session 1]
1 Qs
Civil Engineering (CE) 2015 [Session 2]
1 Qs
Civil Engineering (CE) 2014 [Session 2]
3 Qs
Civil Engineering (CE) 2014 [Session 1]
2 Qs
Civil Engineering (CE) 2013
3 Qs
Civil Engineering (CE) 2012
1 Qs
Civil Engineering (CE) 2011
3 Qs
Civil Engineering (CE) 2010
2 Qs
Civil Engineering (CE) 2009
4 Qs
Civil Engineering (CE) 2008
4 Qs

Included previous year papers

Newest papers appear first. Sort by year, question coverage or name.

PaperYear / sessionQuestions in this viewOpen
Civil Engineering (CE) 202620263View paper
Civil Engineering (CE) 202620263View paper
Civil Engineering (CE) 2025 [Session 1]20252View paper
Civil Engineering (CE) 2025 [Session 2]20252View paper
Civil Engineering (CE) 2024 [Session 1]20241View paper
Civil Engineering (CE) 2024 [Session 2]20242View paper
Civil Engineering (CE) 2022 [Session 2]20221View paper
Civil Engineering (CE) 2019 [Session 2]20192View paper
Civil Engineering (CE) 2018 [Session 2]20182View paper
Civil Engineering (CE) 2017 [Session 2]20171View paper
Civil Engineering (CE) 2016 [Session 2]20162View paper
Civil Engineering (CE) 2015 [Session 1]20151View paper
Civil Engineering (CE) 2015 [Session 2]20151View paper
Civil Engineering (CE) 2014 [Session 1]20142View paper
Civil Engineering (CE) 2014 [Session 2]20143View paper
Civil Engineering (CE) 201320133View paper
Civil Engineering (CE) 201220121View paper
Civil Engineering (CE) 201120113View paper
Civil Engineering (CE) 201020102View paper
Civil Engineering (CE) 200920094View paper
Civil Engineering (CE) 200820084View paper

All Shallow and Deep Foundations previous year questions

Practice every matching question in batches of 20, with every available option.

1
2014 · Civil Engineering · Geotechnical Engineering · Shallow and Deep Foundations
Civil Engineering (CE) 2014 [Session 1]
The action of negative skin friction on the pile is to
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2
2014 · Civil Engineering · Geotechnical Engineering · Shallow and Deep Foundations
Civil Engineering (CE) 2014 [Session 1]
Group I contains representative load-settlement curves for different modes of bearing capacity failures of sandy soil. Group II enlists the various failure characteristics. Match the load-settlement curves with the corresponding failure characteristics.

Group I
P. Curve J
Q. Curve K
R. Curve L

Group II
1. No apparent heaving of soil around the footing
2. Rankine’s passive zone develops imperfectly
3. Well defined slip surface extends to ground surface
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3
2014 · Civil Engineering · Geotechnical Engineering · Shallow and Deep Foundations
Civil Engineering (CE) 2014 [Session 2]
The contact pressure for a rigid footing resting on clay at the centre and the edges are respectively
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4
2014 · Civil Engineering · Geotechnical Engineering · Shallow and Deep Foundations
Civil Engineering (CE) 2014 [Session 2]
A single vertical friction pile of diameter 500 mm and length 20 m is subjected to a vertical compressive load. The pile is embedded in a homogeneous sandy stratum where: angle of internal friction (φ) = 30°, dry unit weight (γd) = 20 kN/m3 and angle of wall friction (δ) = 2φ/3. Considering the coefficient of lateral earth pressure (K) = 2.7 and the bearing capacity factor (Nq) = 25, the ultimate bearing capacity of the pile (in kN) is __________
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5
2014 · Civil Engineering · Geotechnical Engineering · Shallow and Deep Foundations
Civil Engineering (CE) 2014 [Session 2]
A circular raft foundation of 20 m diameter and 1.6 m thick is provided for a tank that applies a bearing pressure of 110 kPa on sandy soil with Young's modulus, Es' = 30 MPa and Poisson's ratio, vs = 0.3. The raft is made of concrete (Ec = 30 GPa and vc = 0.15). Considering the raft as rigid, the elastic settlement (in mm) is
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6
2015 · Civil Engineering · Geotechnical Engineering · Shallow and Deep Foundations
Civil Engineering (CE) 2015 [Session 1]
A square footing (2 m x 2 m) is subjected to an inclined point load, \(P\) as shown in the figure below. The water table is located well below the base of the footing. Considering one-way eccentricity, the net safe load carrying capacity of the footing for a factor of safety of 3.0 is _______________ kN.
The following factors may be used:
Bearing capacity factors: \(N_q = 33.3, N_\gamma = 37.16\); Shape factors: \(F_{qs} = F_{\gamma s} = 1.314\); Depth factors: \(F_{qd} = F_{\gamma d} = 1.113\); Inclination factors: \(F_{qi} = 0.444, F_{\gamma i} = 0.02\)

Question diagram

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7
2015 · Civil Engineering · Geotechnical Engineering · Shallow and Deep Foundations
Civil Engineering (CE) 2015 [Session 2]
A pile of diameter 0.4 m is fully embedded in a clay stratum having 5 layers, each 5 m thick as shown in the figure below. Assume a constant unit weight of soil as 18 kN/m³ for all the layers. Using λ-method (λ = 0.15 for 25 m embedment length) and neglecting the end bearing component, the ultimate pile capacity (in kN) is __________.

Question diagram

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8
2016 · Civil Engineering · Geotechnical Engineering · Shallow and Deep Foundations
Civil Engineering (CE) 2016 [Session 2]
A strip footing is resting on the surface of a purely clayey soil deposit. If the width of the footing is doubled, the ultimate bearing capacity of the soil
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9
2016 · Civil Engineering · Geotechnical Engineering · Shallow and Deep Foundations
Civil Engineering (CE) 2016 [Session 2]
A 4 m wide strip footing is founded at a depth of 1.5 m below the ground surface in a c-φ soil as shown in the figure. The water table is at a depth of 5.5 m below ground surface. The soil properties are: c' = 35 kN/m², φ' = 28.63°, γsat = 19 kN/m³, γbulk = 17 kN/m³ and γw = 9.81 kN/m³. The values of bearing capacity factors for different φ' are given below.
φ'NcNqNγ
15°12.94.42.5
20°17.77.45.0
25°25.112.79.7
30°37.222.519.7

Using Terzaghi's bearing capacity equation and a factor of safety Fs = 2.5, the net safe bearing capacity (expressed in kN/m²) for local shear failure of the soil is _____
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10
2017 · Civil Engineering · Geotechnical Engineering · Shallow and Deep Foundations
Civil Engineering (CE) 2017 [Session 2]

The plate load test was conducted on a clayey strata by using a plate of 0.3 m × 0.3 m dimensions, and the ultimate load per unit area for the plate was found to be 180 kPa. The ultimate bearing capacity (in kPa) of a 2 m wide square footing would be

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11
2018 · Civil Engineering · Geotechnical Engineering · Shallow and Deep Foundations
Civil Engineering (CE) 2018 [Session 2]
The contact pressure and settlement distribution for a footing are shown in the figure.
The figure corresponds to a

Question diagram

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12
2018 · Civil Engineering · Geotechnical Engineering · Shallow and Deep Foundations
Civil Engineering (CE) 2018 [Session 2]
A group of nine piles in a 3 × 3 square pattern is embedded in a soil strata comprising dense sand underlying recently filled clay layer, as shown in the figure. The perimeter of an individual pile is 126 cm. The size of pile group is 240 cm × 240 cm. The recently filled clay has undrained shear strength of 15 kPa and unit weight of 16 kN/m³.

The negative frictional load (in kN, up to two decimal places) acting on the pile group is ______

Question diagram

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13
2019 · Civil Engineering · Geotechnical Engineering · Shallow and Deep Foundations
Civil Engineering (CE) 2019 [Session 2]
A timber pile of length 8 m and diameter 0.2 m is driven with a 20 kN drop hammer, falling freely from a height of 1.5 m. The total penetration of the pile in the last 5 blows is 40 mm. Use the Engineering News Record expression. Assume a factor of safety of 6 and empirical factor (allowing reduction in the theoretical set, due to energy losses) of 2.5 cm. The safe load carrying capacity of the pile (in kN, round off to 2 decimal places) is ____________
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14
2019 · Civil Engineering · Geotechnical Engineering · Shallow and Deep Foundations
Civil Engineering (CE) 2019 [Session 2]
A square footing of 2 m sides rests on the surface of a homogeneous soil bed having the properties: cohesion c = 24 kPa, angle of internal friction \(\phi\) = 25°, and unit weight \(\gamma\) = 18 kN/m³. Terzaghi’s bearing capacity factors for \(\phi\) = 25° are \(N_c\) = 25.1, \(N_q\) = 12.7, \(N_\gamma\) = 9.7, \(N'_c\) = 14.8, \(N'_q\) = 5.6, and \(N'_\gamma\) = 3.2. The ultimate bearing capacity of the foundation (in kPa, round off to 2 decimal places) is ____________
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15
2022 · Civil Engineering · Geotechnical Engineering · Shallow and Deep Foundations
Civil Engineering (CE) 2022 [Session 2]
A group of total 16 piles are arranged in a square grid format. The center-to-center spacing (s) between adjacent piles is 3 m. The diameter (d) and length of embedment of each pile are 1 m and 20 m, respectively. The design capacity of each pile is 1000 kN in the vertical downward direction. The pile group efficiency (ηg) is given by
\[ \eta_g = 1 - \frac{\theta}{90} \left[ \frac{(n-1)m + (m-1)n}{mn} \right] \]
where m and n are number of rows and columns in the plan grid of pile arrangement, and θ = tan-1(d/s).
The design value of the pile group capacity (in kN) in the vertical downward direction is __________. (round off to the nearest integer)
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16
2024 · Civil Engineering · Geotechnical Engineering · Shallow and Deep Foundations
Civil Engineering (CE) 2024 [Session 1]

A 2 m wide strip footing is founded at a depth of 1.5 m below the ground level in a homogeneous pure clay bed. The clay bed has unit cohesion of 40 kPa. Due to seasonal fluctuations of water table from peak summer to peak monsoon period, the net ultimate bearing capacity of the footing, as per Terzaghi’s theory, will

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17
2024 · Civil Engineering · Geotechnical Engineering · Shallow and Deep Foundations
Civil Engineering (CE) 2024 [Session 2]

The contact pressure distribution shown in the figure belongs to a

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18
2024 · Civil Engineering · Geotechnical Engineering · Shallow and Deep Foundations
Civil Engineering (CE) 2024 [Session 2]
A reinforced concrete pile of 10 m length and 0.7 m diameter is embedded in a saturated pure clay with unit cohesion of 50 kPa. If the adhesion factor is 0.5, the net ultimate uplift pullout capacity (in kN) of the pile is __________ (rounded off to the nearest integer).
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19
2025 · Civil Engineering · Geotechnical Engineering · Shallow and Deep Foundations
Civil Engineering (CE) 2025 [Session 1]
A 6 m × 6 m square footing constructed in clay is subjected to a vertical load of 2500 kN at its centre. The base of the footing is 2 m below the ground surface, as shown in the figure. The footing is made of 2 m thick concrete. The ground water table is at a great depth. Considering Terzaghi’s bearing capacity theory, the factor of safety of footing against the bearing capacity failure is __________ (rounded off to 2 decimal places). Note: Unit weight of concrete = 24 kN/m³ Properties of clay: c = 50 kN/m², φ = 0°, and γ = 19 kN/m³ For φ = 0°: N_c = 5.7, N_q = 1, N_γ = 0

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20
2025 · Civil Engineering · Geotechnical Engineering · Shallow and Deep Foundations
Civil Engineering (CE) 2025 [Session 1]
A single pile with 450 mm diameter has been driven into a homogeneous clay layer, which has an undrained cohesion (c_u) of 20 kPa and unit weight of 18 kN/m³. The ground water table is found to be at the surface of the clay layer. The adhesion factor (α) of the soil is 0.95 and bearing capacity factor (N_c) is 9. The pile is supporting a column load of 144 kN with a factor of safety of 3.0 against ultimate axial pile capacity in compression. The required embedment depth of the pile (in m) is __________ (rounded off to the nearest integer).
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