UGC NET DECEMBER (PAPER - I) 2019

Direction: Read the passage carefully and answer questions that follow:
Political ‘representation’ nonetheless is the vehicle that enabled the re-introduction of “democracy” into the modern, practical political vernacular. The resulting liberal democracy does not directly descend from the ancient Athenian democracy. Between the eras virtually nothing existed that approached “democracy” as an actual or named political form and when it again became a focus of politics and theory, it was wedded to representation- so that what we call a democracy is, in fact a distinctive kind of democracy, “a representative democracy”. While elections and popular pressure surely have political impact, the actions of representatives are the primary official mechanism for translating democratic citizenship into political power. We rely on the representatives’ process to promote political goodness in democratic society. But when one imagines the idea of representation these days, its association with ethics or goodness does not spring to mind. It is an impersonal process, after all a mechanical method by which one entity stands for or represents another, politically required by the need to channel the judgements of millions of citizens into the legally authoritative hands of a small number of public representatives or even the sentiments of thousands into the leadership of a single person.
Which of the following implies the characteristic of modern political vernacular?

Direction: Read the passage carefully and answer questions that follow:
Political ‘representation’ nonetheless is the vehicle that enabled the re-introduction of “democracy” into the modern, practical political vernacular. The resulting liberal democracy does not directly descend from the ancient Athenian democracy. Between the eras virtually nothing existed that approached “democracy” as an actual or named political form and when it again became a focus of politics and theory, it was wedded to representation- so that what we call a democracy is, in fact a distinctive kind of democracy, “a representative democracy”. While elections and popular pressure surely have political impact, the actions of representatives are the primary official mechanism for translating democratic citizenship into political power. We rely on the representatives’ process to promote political goodness in democratic society. But when one imagines the idea of representation these days, its association with ethics or goodness does not spring to mind. It is an impersonal process, after all a mechanical method by which one entity stands for or represents another, politically required by the need to channel the judgements of millions of citizens into the legally authoritative hands of a small number of public representatives or even the sentiments of thousands into the leadership of a single person.
According to the author the idea of democracy is viewed as

Direction: Read the passage carefully and answer questions that follow:
Political ‘representation’ nonetheless is the vehicle that enabled the re-introduction of “democracy” into the modern, practical political vernacular. The resulting liberal democracy does not directly descend from the ancient Athenian democracy. Between the eras virtually nothing existed that approached “democracy” as an actual or named political form and when it again became a focus of politics and theory, it was wedded to representation- so that what we call a democracy is, in fact a distinctive kind of democracy, “a representative democracy”. While elections and popular pressure surely have political impact, the actions of representatives are the primary official mechanism for translating democratic citizenship into political power. We rely on the representatives’ process to promote political goodness in democratic society. But when one imagines the idea of representation these days, its association with ethics or goodness does not spring to mind. It is an impersonal process, after all a mechanical method by which one entity stands for or represents another, politically required by the need to channel the judgements of millions of citizens into the legally authoritative hands of a small number of public representatives or even the sentiments of thousands into the leadership of a single person.
What is the perception of the author with regard to representational democracy?

Direction: Read the passage carefully and answer questions that follow:
Political ‘representation’ nonetheless is the vehicle that enabled the re-introduction of “democracy” into the modern, practical political vernacular. The resulting liberal democracy does not directly descend from the ancient Athenian democracy. Between the eras virtually nothing existed that approached “democracy” as an actual or named political form and when it again became a focus of politics and theory, it was wedded to representation- so that what we call a democracy is, in fact a distinctive kind of democracy, “a representative democracy”. While elections and popular pressure surely have political impact, the actions of representatives are the primary official mechanism for translating democratic citizenship into political power. We rely on the representatives’ process to promote political goodness in democratic society. But when one imagines the idea of representation these days, its association with ethics or goodness does not spring to mind. It is an impersonal process, after all a mechanical method by which one entity stands for or represents another, politically required by the need to channel the judgements of millions of citizens into the legally authoritative hands of a small number of public representatives or even the sentiments of thousands into the leadership of a single person.
According to the passage actions of political representative’s manifest

Direction: Read the passage carefully and answer questions that follow:
Political ‘representation’ nonetheless is the vehicle that enabled the re-introduction of “democracy” into the modern, practical political vernacular. The resulting liberal democracy does not directly descend from the ancient Athenian democracy. Between the eras virtually nothing existed that approached “democracy” as an actual or named political form and when it again became a focus of politics and theory, it was wedded to representation- so that what we call a democracy is, in fact a distinctive kind of democracy, “a representative democracy”. While elections and popular pressure surely have political impact, the actions of representatives are the primary official mechanism for translating democratic citizenship into political power. We rely on the representatives’ process to promote political goodness in democratic society. But when one imagines the idea of representation these days, its association with ethics or goodness does not spring to mind. It is an impersonal process, after all a mechanical method by which one entity stands for or represents another, politically required by the need to channel the judgements of millions of citizens into the legally authoritative hands of a small number of public representatives or even the sentiments of thousands into the leadership of a single person.
The political representation enabled the emergence of

Identify the ‘NITI Aayog – Three Year Action Agenda Items’ related to the field of Higher Education:
(i) Autonomy for top colleges
(ii) Reform of the regulatory system
(iii) Establishing a system of project and scholar-specific research grants
(iv) Promotion of research culture
(v) National Research Foundation
Select the correct answer from the option given below: