MPPSC GS PAPER 2 2015

Direction: Read the following excerpt and answer the questions asked at the end. The answer to the questions should be based on the excerpt. When there is a conflict between cells and the body they reside in, natural selection usually favours the body, which can usually discipline the errant cells, especially because the cells don’t have a life of their own outside the body. A well-known exception to this principle is that of cancer cells, which can be thought of as selfish cells attempting to reproduce faster than is good for the health of the whole body. In the end, of course, the cancer cells perish with the individual, but that does not explain why natural selection has not eliminated cancer all together. A common objection to the interpretation of cancer cells as selfish is that they are abnormal and perhaps infected with a virus that cancer is a disease, and so on. All this is true and pertinent to the proximate answer to the question of why cancer cells reproduce faster than is good for the body. But the altimate, evolutionary answer must be that natural selection in this case is acting in favour of the cell rather than the individual.
What is the common objection(s) to the interpretation that cancer cells are selfish?

Direction: Read the following excerpt and answer the questions asked at the end. The answer to the questions should be based on the excerpt. When there is a conflict between cells and the body they reside in, natural selection usually favours the body, which can usually discipline the errant cells, especially because the cells don’t have a life of their own outside the body. A well-known exception to this principle is that of cancer cells, which can be thought of as selfish cells attempting to reproduce faster than is good for the health of the whole body. In the end, of course, the cancer cells perish with the individual, but that does not explain why natural selection has not eliminated cancer all together. A common objection to the interpretation of cancer cells as selfish is that they are abnormal and perhaps infected with a virus that cancer is a disease, and so on. All this is true and pertinent to the proximate answer to the question of why cancer cells reproduce faster than is good for the body. But the altimate, evolutionary answer must be that natural selection in this case is acting in favour of the cell rather than the individual.
When there is a conflict between cells and the body they reside in, natural selection usually favours

Direction: Read the following excerpt and answer the questions asked at the end. The answer to the questions should be based on the excerpt. When there is a conflict between cells and the body they reside in, natural selection usually favours the body, which can usually discipline the errant cells, especially because the cells don’t have a life of their own outside the body. A well-known exception to this principle is that of cancer cells, which can be thought of as selfish cells attempting to reproduce faster than is good for the health of the whole body. In the end, of course, the cancer cells perish with the individual, but that does not explain why natural selection has not eliminated cancer all together. A common objection to the interpretation of cancer cells as selfish is that they are abnormal and perhaps infected with a virus that cancer is a disease, and so on. All this is true and pertinent to the proximate answer to the question of why cancer cells reproduce faster than is good for the body. But the altimate, evolutionary answer must be that natural selection in this case is acting in favour of the cell rather than the individual.
In case of cancer cells is an exception to the usual norm, namely, that

Direction: Read the following excerpt and answer the questions asked at the end. The answer to the questions should be based on the excerpt. When there is a conflict between cells and the body they reside in, natural selection usually favours the body, which can usually discipline the errant cells, especially because the cells don’t have a life of their own outside the body. A well-known exception to this principle is that of cancer cells, which can be thought of as selfish cells attempting to reproduce faster than is good for the health of the whole body. In the end, of course, the cancer cells perish with the individual, but that does not explain why natural selection has not eliminated cancer all together. A common objection to the interpretation of cancer cells as selfish is that they are abnormal and perhaps infected with a virus that cancer is a disease, and so on. All this is true and pertinent to the proximate answer to the question of why cancer cells reproduce faster than is good for the body. But the altimate, evolutionary answer must be that natural selection in this case is acting in favour of the cell rather than the individual.
The ultimate evolutionary answer must be that in the case of cancer cells, natural selection is acting in favour of

Direction: Read the following excerpt and answer the questions asked at the end. The answer to the questions should be based on the excerpt. When there is a conflict between cells and the body they reside in, natural selection usually favours the body, which can usually discipline the errant cells, especially because the cells don’t have a life of their own outside the body. A well-known exception to this principle is that of cancer cells, which can be thought of as selfish cells attempting to reproduce faster than is good for the health of the whole body. In the end, of course, the cancer cells perish with the individual, but that does not explain why natural selection has not eliminated cancer all together. A common objection to the interpretation of cancer cells as selfish is that they are abnormal and perhaps infected with a virus that cancer is a disease, and so on. All this is true and pertinent to the proximate answer to the question of why cancer cells reproduce faster than is good for the body. But the altimate, evolutionary answer must be that natural selection in this case is acting in favour of the cell rather than the individual.
Cancer cells are thought of as selfish because

Direction: Read the following excerpt and answer the questions asked at the end. The answer to the questions should be based on the excerpt. Many tribes and castes on the mainland of india live by hunting, fishing or gathering. But they do not depend upon these exclusively for satisfying their needs. The aboriginal inhabitants of the Andaman islands, however, depend upon these entirely for their livelihood. Have no trade relations with others; and are so much isolated from one another that the onge of little Andaman do not understand the language of the jawara of the great Andaman or of the inhabitants of the north sentinel island, all of which are close-by. Each of these groups satisfies all its needs completely with the help of local resources and exercises considerable ingenuity in maintaining themselves on these islands, although technologically they are very poorly equipped.
The tribes and casts that depend exclusively on hunting, fishing and gathering are