2025 Paper - II Geology _ Hydrogeology

List – I	List – II
with	and select the correct answer using the

code given below the lists : List-I (Soil type) A. Histosols B. Oxisols C. Ultisols D. Vertisols 1. Soils with a subsurface horizon of clay accumulation, highly leached; commonly found in humid tropical and subtropical climates. 2. Soils with a thick upper layer very rich in organic matter (0.25%) and containing relatively little mineral material. 3. Very old, highly leached soils with subsurface accumulation of iron and aluminium oxides, commonly found in tropical environments. 4. Soils that develop deep, wide cracks when dry (shrink and swell) due to high clay content (0.35%) and are not highly leached."

Consider the following statements regarding seismic waves : Statement 1 : The seismic waves follow curved paths. Statement 2 : The velocity of seismic waves generally increases with depth — the result of increasing pressure that squeezes the rock into a more compact, rigid material. Which one of the following is correct in respect of above statements ?

Consider the following statements : Statement 1 : Residence times of chemicals in the atmosphere are usually longer than those in the oceans. Statement 2 : In terms of total mass, the atmosphere is a smaller reservoir than the oceans, and fluxes into and out of the atmosphere can be larger. Which one of the following is correct in respect of above statements ?

Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched ?

Considering that there is no erosion and the thickness of the crust is doubled, the change of elevation because of isostasy would be roughly :

Consider the following statements regarding Hot spot : Statement 1 : A hot spot is an area of volcanism, high heat flow and crustal uplifting. Statement 2 : Hot spot is the surface manifestation of the mantle plume and partial melting. Which one of the following is correct in respect of above statements ?