Chapter 5: States of Matter

Laminar flow is described when all the fluids (gas or liquid) flow in the layers form.

When the liquid flows on the surface the layer of liquid which is in immediate contact with the surface is stationary. The velocity of the subsequent upper layers increases as the distance of the layers increases from the fixed layer which is stationary and in direct contact with the surface.

By moving from A to F in the graph, the temperature increases and we reach a point G by compressing the gas at constant temperature along with the isotherm. The pressure increases at that instant. Then move vertically down towards D by lowering the temperature.

The point when H is crossed, we get liquid. The process is carried at the critical temperature, the substance will remain in one phase only.

Important Concepts Discussed in Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 5 States of Matter: Gases and Liquids

1. Intermolecular Forces
   1. Dispersion Forces or London Forces
   2. Dipole-dipole Forces
   3. Dipole-induced Dipole Forces
   4. Hydrogen Bond
2. Thermal Energy
3. Intermolecular Forces vs Thermal Interactions
4. The Gaseous State Ex
5. The Gas Laws Ex
   1. Boyle’s Law (Pressure-volume Relationship)
   2. Charles’ Law (Temperature-volume Relationship)
   3. Gay Lussac’s Law (Pressure-temperature Relationship)
   4. Avogadro Law (Volume-amount Relationship)
6. Ideal Gas Equation
   1. Density and Molar Mass of a Gaseous Substance
   2. Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures
7. Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases
8. Behaviour of Real Gases: Deviation from Ideal Gas Behaviour
9. Liquefaction of Gases
10. Liquid State
    1. Vapour Pressure
    2. Surface Tension Ex 5.10.3 – Viscosity

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