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NCERT · Class 10 · Social Science

Chapter 2: Sectors of the Indian Economy

Practice each question, then open the answer or worked solution.

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Textbook exercises

24 questions
Q21Written answer

Explain how the public sector contributes to the economic development of a nation.

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Worked solution

Ans: Public sector contributes to the economic development of a nation:

  • It promotes rapid economic development by creating and expanding the infrastructure.

  • It creates employment opportunities.

  • It generates financial resources for development.

  • It ensures equal income and wealth, hence a balanced regional development.

  • It encourages the development of small, medium, and large industries.

  • It ensures easy availability of goods at affordable rates.


Q22Written answer

The workers in the unorganised sector need protection on the following issues: wages, safety, and health. Explain with examples.

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Worked solution

Ans: Workers in the unorganised sector require protection in terms of wages. Labourers who are employed as vendors or repair men etc. do not have fixed income. They hardly get employed throughout the year.

  • Safety: Workers in the unorganised sector are not provided with safe drinking water or a clean environment. Example: Working in mining, chemical industries is hazardous.

  • Health: Leave is not granted if there is a health issue. Medical aid is not available, e.g., Construction workers.


Q23Written answer

A study in Ahmedabad found that out of 15,00,000 workers in the city, 11,00,000 worked in the unorganised sector. The total income of the city in this year (1997-1998) was Rs 60,000 million. Out of this 32,000 million was generated in the organised sector. Present this data as a table. What kind of ways should be thought of for generating more employment in the city?

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Worked solution

Ans:


Organised Sector

Unorganised Sector

Total

Number of workers

4,00,000

11,00,000

15,00,000

Income (Rs)

32,000 million

28,000 million

60,000 million

  • The larger portion of workers is working in the unorganised sector, the per capita earning of those in organised sector is more.

  • The government should encourage the businessmen in the unorganised sector to change them into the organised sector.

  • Government needs to bring some incentives so that more industries will be started in the organised sector.


Q24Written answer

The following tables gives the GDP in Rupees (Crores) by the three sectors:

Year

Primary

Secondary

Tertiary

1950

80,000

19,000

39,000

2000

3,14,000

2,80,000

5,55,000


i. Calculate the share of the three sectors in GDP for 1950 and 2000.

ii. Show the data as a bar diagram similar to Graph 2 in the chapter.

iii. What conclusions can we draw from the bar graph?

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Worked solution

Ans:

i. In 1950,

Total share of sectors in GDP = (8000+19000+39000) = 138,000 crore


Share of Primary sector = $\dfrac{80000}{138000}\times 100$ = 57.97% 


Share of Secondary sector = $\dfrac{19000}{138000}\times 100$ =13.76% 


Share of Tertiary sector = $\dfrac{99000}{138000}\times 100$ =28.26%


In 2000,


Total share of sectors in GDP = (314000+280000+555000) = 1149000


Share of Primary sector = $\dfrac{314000}{1149000}\times 100$ = 27.32%


Share of Secondary sector = $\dfrac{280000}{1149000}\times 100$ = 24.36%


Share of Tertiary sector = $\dfrac{555000}{1149000}\times 100$ = 48.30%


ii. Bar graph



Bar Graph


iii. The conclusion drawn is that the share of the tertiary sector in the GDP has approximately doubled, the primary sector has halved. The secondary sector has increased by 10% in the last 5 years.