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Practice each question, then open the answer or worked solution.
List a few examples of environmental degradation that you may have observed around you.
Ans: A few examples of environmental degradation:
Deforestation
Soil erosion
Falling levels of groundwater
Depletion of the ozone layer and combustion from automobiles causing extreme
air pollution
Water Pollution
For each of the items given in Table 1.6, find out which country is at the top and which is at the bottom.
Table 1.6 Some Data Regarding India and its Neighbours for 2004
Country | Per Capita Income in US$ | Life Expectancy at birth | Literacy Rate for 15+ yrs population | Gross Enrolment Ratio for three levels | HDI Rank in the world |
Sri Lanka | 4390 | 74 | 91 | 69 | 93 |
India | 3139 | 64 | 61 | 60 | 126 |
Myanmar | 1027 | 61 | 90 | 48 | 130 |
Pakistan | 2225 | 63 | 50 | 35 | 134 |
Nepal | 1490 | 62 | 50 | 61 | 138 |
Bangladesh | 1870 | 63 | 41 | 53 | 137 |
Ans:
(i) Per Capita Income in US$: Top country – Sri Lanka; Bottom country – Myanmar
(ii) Life Expectancy at birth: Top country – Sri Lanka; Bottom country – Myanmar
(iii) Literacy Rate for 15+ years population: Top country – Sri Lanka; Bottom country –
Bangladesh
(iv) Gross Enrolment Ratio for three levels: Top country – Sri Lanka; Bottom country –
Pakistan
(v) HDI Rank in the world: Top country – Sri Lanka; Bottom country – Nepal
The following table shows the proportion of adults (aged 15-49 years) whose BMI is below normal (BMI <18.5 kg/m2) in India. It is based on a survey of various states for the year 2015-16. Look at the table and answer the following questions.
State | Male | Female |
Kerala Karnataka Madhya Pradesh | 8.5 17 28 | 10 21 28 |
All States | 20 | 23 |
a. Compare the nutritional level of people in Kerala and Madhya Pradesh.
b. Can you guess why around one-fifth of people in the country are undernourished even though it is argued that there is enough food in the country? Describe in your own words.
Ans: The nutritional status of the populace of Kerala is superior to that of Madhya Pradesh.
Ans: Despite claims that there is enough food in the nation, one-fifth of the population suffers from undernourishment for the following reasons:
The difference in food grain distribution through the Public Distribution System (PDS).
The impoverished people in the nation cannot afford wholesome meals.
People with lower levels of education experience unemployment, which makes it difficult for them to pay for food, which is a basic need.
At the fixed-price stores, the ration is not distributed properly.